Transcript Chapter 20x - borkovichsocialstudies

America & the World
Chapter 20
Section 1: Expansion in the
Pacific
• Goals
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Identify the major factors that drove imperialism
Explain how the United States acquired Hawaii
Describe the U.S. role in China
Discuss how Japan became a world power
• Pennsylvania State Standards – 8.1.9.A, 8.1.9.B,
8.2.9.A, 8.2.9.B, 8.3.9.A, 8.3.9.B, 8.3.9.C, 8.3.9.D,
8.4.9.C
The Impulse for Imperialism
• Imperialism: quest for
colonial empires
• Where: Africa, Asia, Latin
America
• Why: Markets, Raw
Materials, Power, Prestige
• Colonize: Protect interests,
prevent competition
The Impulse for Imperialism
• “Small states are of the past and have no future…The great
nations are rapidly absorbing for their future expansion and
their present defense all the waste places of the earth. It is a
movement which makes for civilization and the advancement
of the race. As one of the great nations of the world, the
United States must not fall out of line of march.”
~ Henry Cabot Lodge
The Impulse for Imperialism
• The Influence of Sea Power upon
History, Alfred Thayer Mahan of the
U.S. Naval War College
• Strong navy
• Overseas bases
• Other reasons for expansion
• Spread political system
• Christian religion
Acquiring Hawaii
• Location: Pacific Ocean, about
2,000 miles west of California
• Attraction:
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Tropical climate
Lava-enriched soil
Possible naval bases
Fueling stations for ships
American Influence in Hawaii
• 1st U.S. contact – trading and whaling ships
• Missionaries
• Spread Christianity
• Settled
• Raised crops especially sugar
• Sugar industry exploded, Americans gained influence over King Kalakaua
• Sugar deal (no tariff)
• Pearl Harbor, Annex Rumors, Bayonet Constitution
• McKinley Tariff (1890) – sugar to U.S. duty-free, crushes Hawaiian sugar
industry, U.S. produces receive a subsidy (payment from the
government)
A Nationalist Queen
• Queen Liliuokalani – took over
Hawaii after Kalakaua died
• Favored independent Hawaii
• U.S. Minister John L. Stevens
• Ordered marines to surround and
occupy capital building and the
queen
• Queen surrendered her throne
• Sanford B. Dole – became president
• President Grover Cleveland unhappy
• President William McKinley happy
U.S. Involvement in China
• History of trading with China – 1784 Empress of China
• Closed versus Open countries
• Spheres of Influence: regions where a particular country has
established rights or power in an area
• The Open Door Policy
• Proposed by Secretary of State John Hay
• Keep all China ports open to all nations
• Never accepted / Nor rejected = Hay announced it’s approval
The Boxer Rebellion
• Fists of Righteous Harmony
(the Boxers)
• Resented foreigners &
missionaries
• Blame for problems
• 8 week siege
• China maintained sovereignty
but forced to pay $333
million to European powers
for damages!
An Emerging Japan
• 1854 – Commodore Matthew Perry’s visit
to Japan, open up trade between the
nations
• As Japan emerged rapidly into a strong
nation, competition between Russia for
Chinese lands developed.
• 1904 – Russo-Japanese War broke out in
Manchuria
• Portsmouth, New Hampshire: President
Roosevelt negotiated a peace treaty
(subsequently won Nobel Peace Prize)
• U.S. reminded Japan of their military
might – world cruise
Section 2: War with Spain
• Goals
• Describe Spain’s response to the revolt in Cuba.
• Explain the significance and impact of the SpanishAmerican War.
• Identify the economic effects of the major battles of the
Spanish-American War.
• Explain what happened to the Philippines after the SpanishAmerican War.
• Pennsylvania State Standards – 8.1.9.A, 8.1.9.B, 8.2.9.A,
8.2.9.B, 8.3.9.A, 8.3.9.B, 8.3.9.C, 8.3.9.D, 8.4.9.C
Conflict in Cuba
• Cuba
• Located 90 miles from Florida Keys
• American interests
• Under Spanish rule
• José Martí – Advocate for Cuban
independence
• Actions of Gen. Valeriano
Weyler…200,000 Cubans died!!!
The United States Reacts
• Many Americans
sympathetic…why?
• Influence of the Media
• William Randolph Hearst, “New
York Journal” (Citizen Kane
similarities)
• Joseph Pulitzer, “New York World”
• Yellow Journalism
• “Remember the Maine!”
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Feb. 15th 1898
260 sailors died
Cause?
War! April 25th 1898
War with Spain (Philippines)
• Teller Amendment: Once Cuba won
its independence, government and
control up to its people, not U.S.
• 1st Battle fought in the
Philippines…why?
• Ast. Sec. of the Navy, Theodore
Roosevelt
• Commodore George Dewey
• Emilio Aguinaldo – assists U.S.
• Led rebel army of Filipino patriots
War with Spain (Cuba)
• Fighting in Cuba
• Obstacles
• Men
• Training
• Uniforms
• Rough Riders
• Aftermath of the War
• U.S. gains Puerto Rico, Guam,
Philippines ($20 mil)
• Spain gave up all claim to Cuba
• Approximately 5,400 U.S. soldiers died
Uproar over the Philippines
• Annexation Debate
• Arguments for:
• Trade
• Democracy
• Keep out European powers
• Arguments against
• Violation of our own country’s
ideals
• Philippine Government Act
(1902)
• Jones Act of 1916
• Philippines gain independence in
1946
Section 3: Expansion in Latin
America
• Goals
• Describe how the United States governed Cuba and
Puerto Rico.
• Analyze and identify the major obstacles in the
construction of the Panama Canal.
• Summarize U.S. policy toward Latin America during the
late 1800s and early 1900s.
• Pennsylvania State Standards – 8.1.9.A, 8.1.9.B,
8.2.9.A, 8.2.9.B, 8.3.9.A, 8.3.9.B, 8.3.9.C, 8.3.9.D,
8.4.9.C
Governing Cuba & Puerto Rico
• Cuba
• Platt Amendment: Cuba a
protectorate
• 1934 – renounce right to interfere
• Puerto Rico
• The Foraker Act: territorial govt in P.R.
• The Jones Act: granted U.S.
citizenship, elect both houses of legis.
• 1952 – became a self-governing
commonwealth
The Panama Canal
• Why?
• Early French effort
• 1st U.S. attempt
• Rebuffed
• Roosevelt furious
• Roosevelt “I took the
Canal Zone and let
Congress debate”
(supported rebellion)
• Work begins (1904),
opens (1914)
• Obstacles?
Relations with Latin America
• Enforced Monroe Doctrine
• The Roosevelt Corollary
• Protects Dominican Republic
• International Police Power
• Dollar Diplomacy
Section 4: Conflict with Mexico
• Goals
• List the major events of the Mexican Revolution.
• Explain why the United States intervened in Mexico.
• Report on the outcomes of the Mexican Revolution.
• Pennsylvania State Standards – 8.1.9.A, 8.1.9.B,
8.2.9.A, 8.2.9.B, 8.3.9.A, 8.3.9.B, 8.3.9.C, 8.3.9.D,
8.4.9.C
Mexico Under Díaz
• Mexico before Díaz
• Neglect
• Crime
• War
• Restored order
• Brought American Investment
• Many Mexicans did not receive the
benefits of economic growth
The Mexican Revolution
• Díaz won re-election (1910) by force & fraud
• Emiliano Zapata – called for land distribution
• Francisco Madero – unified opposition forces and let the
Mexican Revolution
• Díaz resigned in May 1911
• United States supported Madero
• Lack of control
• Díaz supporters fight back
• Victoriano Huerta (Madero’s general) seized control
• Madero – imprisoned and later murdered
The Mexican Revolution cont.
• Huerta continued to fight against an array of opponents.
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Venustiano Carranza
Francisco “Pancho” Villa
Emiliano Zapata
Álvaro Obregón
U.S. Intervention
• Huerta lost recognition from
President Wilson (U.S.)
• U.S. lifts embargo on arms sales to
Mexico
• Tampico
• USS Dolphin stationed
• Crew members were arrested
• Released but U.S. demanded
apology…ironic???
• Occupation of Veracruz
• Huerta resigns, fled to Spain
The Revolution Winds Down
• By 1915
• Villa and Zapata controlled about 2/3 of Mexico
• Carranza controlled Mexico City (U.S. recognized)
• Villa invaded U.S. soil at Columbus, New Mexico
• Wilson ordered capture of Villa, sent General John J. Pershing
after him
• Carranza solidified power, new constitution included
progressive reforms but state owned resources