Transcript US Imperialism - davis.k12.ut.us

American Imperialism
Essential Questions
• What was the primary motivation for the
United States during the age of Imperialism?
• By what means did they achieve those goals?
Political Cartoon Analysis
Answer these three questions for each of the
following cartoon:
1. List the objects or people you see in the
cartoon.
2. Which of these objects on your list are
symbols and what do they symbolize?
3. Explain the message of the cartoon.
• Monroe Doctrine – Foreign policy doctrine
from 1823 stating that Latin American
countries are “off limits” to Europe
• Imperialism – Policy of extending a country’s
power and influence
• Hegemony – Leadership or dominance by one
country over others
Imperialism and The SpanishAmerican War
“Free” these colonies
from the tyranny of an
overseas empire
Spread democracy
Rid the “New World” of
the “Old World”
Control of the sugar
production on Cuba
and Puerto Rico
Gain a military outpost
in S.E. Asia
The Maine
• The Spanish Ambassador de Lome insulted President
McKinley.
• “…McKinley is weak and catering to the rabble and, besides, a low
politician who desires to leave a door open to himself and to stand
well with the jingos of his party”
• This leads to anti-Spain yellow journalism: “Remember
the Maine, to Hell with Spain”
• The USS Maine was stationed in Havana harbor in
Cuba.
• The USS Maine explodes under mysterious
circumstances and Spain is blamed.
• We immediately recognize Cuba as an independent
country and authorized force against Spain.
Philippines
• Issue = Independence from Spain!
• May 1, 1898 U.S. Navy storms into Manila Bay
and surprise the Spanish forces
• Filipino nationalists Emilio Aguinaldo beat
back the Spanish army
• By August, 15,000 US soldiers had landed on
the islands and Spain had surrendered
Cuba and Puerto Rico
•
•
•
•
June 1898, US forces land in Guantanamo Bay
Poorly trained and supplied
Corrupt and inefficient generals
Rough Riders – cavalry unit organized by
future president Theodore Roosevelt
– Made up of rugged westerners and upper-class
easterners
• Only 380 died in combat but nearly 3,000 died
of diseases such as malaria and yellow fever
“A Splendid Little War”
• May 1, 1898- The United States launched a
surprise attack in Manila Bay in the Philippines
and destroyed Spain’s entire Pacific fleet in
seven hours.
• July 1- Theodore Roosevelt leads the Rough
Riders up San Juan Hill in Cuba.
• July 3- The United States Navy sank the
remaining Spanish ships.
The Spanish-American War
The Treaty of Paris
• The Spanish government recognized Cuba’s
independence.
• Spain gave up Guam, Philippines, and Puerto
Rico to the United States for $20 million.
• These island nations became unincorporated
territories of the United States.
New Challenges After the War
The Philippines
• President McKinley’s arguments for
annexation:
– Filipinos were unfit for selfgovernment.
– Independence would bring
anarchy.
– European powers would try to
seize the islands.
• The Filipinos fought a three-year war
for independence against US!
• The Philippines did not gain complete
independence until 1946.
Cuba
• President McKinley installed a
military government to protect
American business interests.
• Cuba drafted a constitution in 1900
that did not allow for U.S.
involvement.
• The U.S. government only agreed to
remove its troops if Cuba included
the Platt Amendment.
• The Platt Amendment remained in
place until 1934. It allowed for U.S.
naval bases on the island and
intervention whenever necessary.
United States Acquisitions and
Annexations 1857-1904
Other Imperial Actions
China
• China had been carved into spheres of influence by
Britain, France, Germany and Russia & Japan
– Limited US involvement in China
• “Boxers” rebelled against foreign intervention
– Diplomats at the foreign compound in Peking, including US
diplomats, are slaughtered
– Pres. McKinley orders the use of federal troops w/out
congressional approval
– Force from US, along side other allied forces, crush the
rebellion
• Open Door policy – US tried to convince China that it
did not want colonies, just free trade
Japan
• Pres. Roosevelt helped broker peace between Russia and
Japan
– “The first great war of the 20th century”
– Russia wanted a warm water port in the Pacific
– War over Manchuria and Korea
• Japanese school children were segregated in San Francisco
which damaged relations
• Roosevelt negotiated a “Gentlemen’s Agreement” in which
he pledged to end segregation in exchange the Japanese
agreed to limited immigration
• Japan later joined the Entente (Allies) during WWI in
exchange for German possessions in the Pacific and to
expand its sphere of influence in China
Latin America
• Big Stick” diplomacy
– “Speak softly and carry a big stick”
• Panama Canal
– Work began 1903
– Panama was part of Columbia and did not support the
building of the canal, so the US encouraged a popular
uprising
– Of the 35,000 workers, 5,000 died from disease
(malaria) and accidents
– Finished in 1914, cut 8,000 nautical miles from west to
east coast
Latin America
• Roosevelt Corollary modified the Monroe
doctrine to keep European powers out of the
Americas
• Dollar diplomacy – “dollars for bullets,” policy
to increase American investments in Central
America and the Caribbean
• Moral diplomacy – policy of Woodrow Wilson
to promote “human rights, national integrity,
and opportunity”
Mexico
• Mexican revolution toppled government in 1911
• Wilson viewed new leader as a “butcher”
• Wilson sent troops to Veracruz, which allowed for
pro-US Carranza to become president
• Carranza proved to be ineffective
• Francisco “Pancho” Villa rose up against Carranza
and was supported by US but later raided
Columbus, New Mexico
• Wilson sends 10,000 troops after Villa but
doesn’t catch him