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The History of Presbyterianism in the United States Part 1: The Broader Picture A – The Contextual Landscape Master Timeline United States • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1620 – Mayflower lands • 1730s-1743 – 1st Great Awakening • 1776-1783 – American Rev. 1790-1840 – 2nd Great Awakening • 1830 – Book of Mormon • 1850-1900 – 3rd Great Awakening • 1861-1865 – American Civil War • 1870 – Scottish Common Sense • 1889 – Moody Bible Institute • 1891 – Briggs’ address • 1909 – Scofield Reference Bible 1910 – Pres. G.A.: 5 Fundamentals 1914-1919 – World War I 1922 – “Shall Fund.s Win?” 1923 – The Auburn Affirmation 1925 – The Scopes Trial 1929 – Westminster Theo. Seminary 1936 – Orthodox Presbyterian Ch. 1936 – John Mackay, Princeton Sem. Europe 1643 – Westminster Confession of Faith 1650-1800 – Age of European Enlightenment & of Scottish Common Sense Philosophy 1770s-1900 – Rise of German Higher Criticism 1789-1799 – French Revolution 1827 – Plymouth Brethren begin meeting 1833 – Slavery Abolition Act of England 1859 - Charles Darwin – Origin of Species 1862-77 – Darby travels to the United States 1919 – Rise of Neo-Orthodoxy United States (cont.) 1937 – Death of J. Gresham Machen - Bible Presbyterian Ch. (McIntyre) 1966 – RTS, Jackson, MI 1967 – Confession of ‘67, Book of Confessions 1973 – PCA 1983 – Union of UPCUSA & PCUS Spiritual Context • • • • • • • • • Westminster Conf. of Faith - 1643 Francis Makemie arrived in MD - 1683 First Great Awakening – 1730s-1743 Second Great Awakening – 1790-1840 J. Smith publishes the Book of Mormon - 1830 Third Great Awakening – 1850s-1900s War Between the States – 1861-1865 Jehovah’s Witnesses - 1870 1st World War – 1914-1919 Francis Makemie – 1658-1708 Makemie Memorial Presbyterian Church Snow Hill, MD • 1st Presbyterian church to call a minister through an American Presbytery • Present Building, 1887 New Castle Presbyterian Church, New Castle, Delaware • Building, 1707 Spiritual Context • • • • • • • • • • Westminster Conf. of Faith - 1643 Francis Makemie arrived in MD - 1683 First Great Awakening – 1730s-1743 College of New Jersey – 1746 Princeton Seminary - 1812 Second Great Awakening – 1790-1840 J. Smith publishes the Book of Mormon - 1830 War Between the States – 1861-1865 Jehovah’s Witnesses - 1870 1st World War – 1914-1919 Spiritual Context • • • • • • • • • • Westminster Conf. of Faith - 1643 Francis Makemie arrived in MD - 1683 First Great Awakening – 1730s-1743 College of New Jersey – 1746 Princeton Seminary - 1812 Second Great Awakening – 1790-1840 J. Smith publishes the Book of Mormon - 1830 War Between the States – 1861-1865 Jehovah’s Witnesses - 1870 1st World War – 1914-1919 Spiritual Context • • • • • • • • • • Westminster Conf. of Faith - 1643 Francis Makemie arrived in MD - 1683 First Great Awakening – 1730s-1743 College of New Jersey – 1746 Princeton Seminary - 1812 Second Great Awakening – 1790-1840 J. Smith publishes the Book of Mormon - 1830 War Between the States – 1861-1865 Jehovah’s Witnesses - 1870 1st World War – 1914-1919 Context of Worldwide Events • 1776-1783 – American Revolution • 1789-1799 – French Revolution • 1890s – Great Changes across the landscape ▫ 2nd Industrial Revolution in the U.S. ▫ A “Great Depression” (1873-1879) • • • • 1st World War (1914-1918) “The Great Depression” (1929-1930s & 40s) 2nd World War (1939-1945) Baby Boom Generation (1946-1964) Philosophical Context • 1781 - Critique of Pure Reason, Kant • 1650-1800 – Age of Enlightenment • Late 18th & early 19th c. – Scottish Common Sense Realism, James McCosh, President, Princeton University, 1868 German Higher Criticism • Late 19th c – Frederich Nietzsche Ideas Have Consequences “Strict Calvinists had maintained that the human mind was blinded in mankind’s Fall from innocence; in the Common Sense [philosophy ] version, the intellect seemed to suffer from a slight astigmatism only. Moreover, one of the first dictates of Common Sense philosophy was that individuals were moral agents capable of free choice. These premises … were at odds with traditional views of determinism and depravity.” (Marsden, p. 16) Ideas Have Consequences “The Protestant doctrine of the perspicuity [ie., clarity of understanding] of Scripture provided a further basis for the belief that the common person could readily understand Biblical teaching. Common Sense paralleled this doctrine with its insistence on the perspicuity of nature. … God’s truth was unified, so it was inevitable that science would confirm Scripture. … The old order of American Protestantism was based on the interrelationship of faith, science, the Bible, morality, and civilization. It was about to crumble.” (Marsden, p. 16-17) Master Timeline United States • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1620 – Mayflower lands • 1730s-1743 – 1st Great Awakening • 1776-1783 – American Rev. 1790-1840 – 2nd Great Awakening • 1830 – Book of Mormon • 1850-1900 – 3rd Great Awakening • 1861-1865 – American Civil War • 1870 – Scottish Common Sense • 1889 – Moody Bible Institute • 1891 – Briggs’ address • 1909 – Scofield Reference Bible 1910 – Pres. G.A.: 5 Fundamentals 1914-1919 – World War I 1922 – “Shall Fund.s Win?” 1923 – The Auburn Affirmation 1925 – The Scopes Trial 1929 – Westminster Theo. Seminary 1936 – Orthodox Presbyterian Ch. 1936 – John Mackay, Princeton Sem. Europe 1643 – Westminster Confession of Faith 1650-1800 – Age of European Enlightenment & of Scottish Common Sense Philosophy 1770s-1900 – Rise of German Higher Criticism 1789-1799 – French Revolution 1827 – Plymouth Brethren begin meeting 1833 – Slavery Abolition Act of England 1859 - Charles Darwin – Origin of Species 1862-77 – Darby travels to the United States 1919 – Rise of Neo-Orthodoxy United States (cont.) 1937 – Death of J. Gresham Machen - Bible Presbyterian Ch. (McIntyre) 1966 – RTS, Jackson, MI 1967 – Confession of ‘67, Book of Confessions 1973 – PCA 1983 – Union of UPCUSA & PCUS New Covenant Presbyterian Church Preaching God’s Sovereign Grace to a World of Need 128 St. Mary’s Church Rd., Abingdon, MD 21009 410-569-0289 www.ncpres.org www.ephesians515.com