Transcript Education - Brookwood High School

CREATING AMERICAN CULTURE
Cultural
Nationalism
– Literature / Art
– Values / Virtues
Religious Reforms
Women’s Reforms
Slavery & Abolition
Economics &
Immigration
American Virtues / Values
(Republican Virtues)
• Self-Reliance
• Hard Work / Sacrifice
• Frugality
(don’t waste…save)
• Moral Values
– Honor
– Integrity
– Humility
Romance Era Writers
(American Literature - themes)
*nature of man, *struggles of evil, morality
• Washington Irving
– Rip Van Winkle / The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
• Nathaniel Hawthorne
– The Scarlet Letter
• Herman Melville
– Moby Dick
• Edgar Allen Poe
– “father of modern short story”
Patriotic
Art
Greek & Roman
CLASSICAL
ARCHITECTURE
The GREAT AMERICAN WILDERNESS
 A myth of the West as a land of romance ,
opportunity and adventure emerged.
 Manifest Destiny
 ".... the right of our manifest destiny to
over spread and to possess the whole of
the continent which Providence has given
us for the development of the great experiment
of liberty and … self-government entrusted to
us. It is right such as that … for the full expansion
of its principle and destiny of growth."
Religious – Spiritual Movements
Lead to Social Movements
(Transcendentalism) (2nd Great Awakening)
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Charles Finney
Henry David Thoreau
The Rise of Popular Religion
In France, I had almost always seen
the spirit of religion and the spirit of
freedom pursuing courses diametrically
opposed to each other; but in America,
I found that they were intimately
united, and that they reigned in common
over the same country… Religion was
the foremost of the political institutions
of the United States.
-- Alexis de Tocqueville, 1832
R1-1
• Second Great Awakening (Religion)
Kentucky & Tennessee
• Evangelical – Protestant – Revivalists Movement
(Religious Change from Within)
• (Activist Expression of Faith / Conversion)
– New Churches and Denominations( Baptist, Church of Christ, etc..)
• New Congregational Churches (Congregation LEADS the Church)
• Express “New Birth in Christ” with
your actions and Good Deeds
– Transform your life & Society
– HUGE Impact on Society
(explosion of Social Change)
• African Americans Christians
– Southern Worship / Teaching Bible
• Huge impact on Slaves in South / Anti-Slavery Sentiments
– A.M.E. Church (North)
Revivals Spread
The Second Great Awakening
“Spiritual Reform From Within”
[Religious Revivalism]
Social Reforms & Moral Ideals of
Liberty & Equality
Temperance
Education
Abolitionism
Asylum &
Penal Reform
Women’s
Rights
Spiritual
(NO moral authority)
Religious
(Moral Authority)
Transcendentalists (spiritualism)
worship of Nature – the Individual
“Transcend” the limits of intellect and allow the
emotions, the SOUL, to create an original
relationship with the Universe”. (Belief in:)
– Self-Directed Faith
– Self-Created GOD
• They rejected all Secular Authority,
the Law, the authority of Organized churches,
the Scriptures, Conventional Values or Ideas
of Morality
• Transcendentalists (spiritualism)
– Ralph Waldo Emerson –
personal emotions (your feelings guide you)
– Henry David Thoreau (French Enlightener)
simplicity, anti-materialism, anti-society
• Unitarian Movement
(spiritualism)
– Logic & Reason over emotions to perfection
• Utopian Societies (perfect society)
– Anti Industrial Society Movement
• Utopian Societies (perfect society)
– Create their own society (opposite of current)
– Combine Individual Freedom with
Common Ownership (Socialism)
*doesn’t work
• Richard Owen
– New Harmony, IN
Penitentiary Reform
Dorothea Dix
(1802-1887)
1821  first
penitentiary founded
in Auburn, NY
R1-5/7
Dorothea Dix Asylum - 1849
Religious Training 
Secular Education
*early IVY League
* other training
MA  always on the forefront
of public educational reform
* 1st state to establish tax support
for local public schools.
By 1860 every state
offered
free public education.
* US had the highest
literacy rates
in the world.
• Education Reform Expands
– Northwest Ordinance of 1787 required
SCHOOLS to be built within the town
– Mass. & Vermont compulsory Education Laws
• Universal Public Education 1850’s
• Public Tax Supported School
– Teaching Values – Citizenship
• REPUBLICAN VALUES
– McGuffy Readers Textbook
– Horace Mann / school reformer
• Father of American Education
 Used religious parables to teach “American values.”
 Teach middle class morality and respect for order.
 Teach “3 R’s” (Reading, wRiting & aRithmatic)
 + “Protestant ethic” (Republican Virtues)
(frugality, hard work, humility, sobriety)
R3-8
Women Educators
Troy, NY - Female Seminary
* curriculum: math, physics,
history, geography.
* train female teachers
Emma Willard
(1787-1870)
1837  she established
Mt. Holyoke [So. Hadley, MA]
as the first college for women.
Mary Lyons
(1797-1849)
The 2nd Great Awakening inspired women
to improve society.
Angelina Grimké
Sarah Grimké
Southern Abolitionists
R2-9
Lucy Stone
American Women’s
Suffrage Assoc.
Edited Woman’s Journal
Women’s Rights Movement
• Laws Limit Women’s Rights
(customs – Cult of Domesticity)
• Religious Inspiration / Social Concerns
Abolition Movement / Women’s Rights
• Sarah & Angelina Grimke
– 1836 Appeal to Christian Women of South
– Southern ABOLITIONISTS
R2-6/7
1840  split in the abolitionist movement
over women’s role in it.
London  World Anti-Slavery Convention
(NO Women allowed)
Lucretia Mott
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
1848  Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments
Women’s Rights Movement
• Religious Inspiration / Social Concerns
Abolition Movement / Women’s Rights
• Laws Limit Women’s Rights
(customs – Cult of Domesticity)
• Sarah & Angelina Grimke
– 1836 Appeal to Christian Women of South
• 1840 World Anti-Slavery
Convention – women excluded
• Seneca Falls Convention
• Seneca Falls Convention(1st)
Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton
– Women’s Suffrage - (right to vote)
• Education
-by 1890 2,500 graduate from colleges
Elizabeth Blackwell (1st Medical Dr.)
-1857 starts 1st U.S. school of Nursing
• Dorethea Dix
(Improve prisons /Mental Hospitals)
Temperance Movement
1826 - American Temperance Society
“Demon Rum”!
Frances Willard
R1-6
The Beecher Family
“The Drunkard’s Progress”
From the first glass to the grave, 1846
• Temperance Movement
– Abstinence (NOT drink alcohol)
– Fix social problems by attacking the root of
the problems
• Alcohol consumption as it relates to
major SOCIAL PROBLEMS:
– Abuse
– Lack of Parenting
– Crime
– Poverty
– Etc….
• Will lead to
PROHIBITION
in the 1900’s
– NO making, selling, distribution of Alcohol