Transcript US HISTORY FINAL REVIEW

US HISTORY
REVIEW
Day 1
►The
transfer of plants, animals, and
diseases between the “Old World”
and the “New World” is known as the
Colombian
Exchange (in the 1500s)
►The
effect of the Enlightenment caused
colonists to question the authority of
British authority
the
.
► Age
of Enlightenment (1700s) was a
period of critical questioning of traditional
institutions, customs, and morals, and a strong
belief in rationality (reason) and science
►The
First Great Awakening of the
1730s and 1740s was primarily a
religion
revival of evangelical
that spread through the colonies
►The
effect of the First Great Awakening
was that the colonists
began to
challenge the hierarchical structure of
existing religious denominations
►Lord
Baltimore established the
Maryland colony
in
response to discrimination against
Roman Catholics in England
►The
Declaration of Independence
elaborates on the Enlightenment idea
natural rights
of
►“We
hold these Truths to be selfevident that all Men are created equal,
that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights, that
among these are Life, Liberty, and the
Pursuit of Happiness” Declaration of Independence
John Locke
wrote that
excerpt in the Declaration of
Independence
►
►The
Supreme Court under the
leadership of John Marshall solidified
the power of the Supreme Court to
review the constitutionality of state and
federal laws.
►In
the second half of the 1800s, the
southern
part of the
United States was the least
industrialized.
►The
land of the Louisiana Purchase
stretched west from the
Mississippi
River to the
Rocky
Mountains
►The
commander of the
Confederate forces during the Civil War
Robert E. Lee
was
.
Eli Whitney
is credited with
inventing the cotton gin.
►
NEW JERSEY PLAN
Equal Representation for
all states
VIRGINIA PLAN
Representation based
on population
The Great Compromise
U. S. CONGRESS
One house based on population
One house based on equal representation
►The
forced separation of whites and
African Americans in public places was
segregation
called legal
.
►The
13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments
increased the rights of
African Americans
►The
process of reuniting the nation and
rebuilding the southern states without
slavery was called Reconstruction
.
sharecropping system
allowed poor people to farm on land
they could not afford to buy or rent,
enabled small farmers to hire people to
work on their land, and left many
people deeply in debt
►The
Reconstruction comes to an end in the South
White government officials regain
power in the South
Southern states begin to implement poll tax,
literacy tests, and grandfather clauses
=
Disfranchisement of most
African Americans in the South
► The
railroad building boom during the
nineteenth century contributed to the rapid
industrialization
of the
United States.
►Plains
and
Indians depended on buffalo
horses
for survival.
►The
Pacific Railway Acts gave railway
companies loans and large land grants .
Homestead
Act granted
land to small farmers if they agreed to
stay on the land for five years.
►The
►Owning
all the business in a particular
field is called horizontal integration
Standard Oil
Company
= Oil-Refining
Companies
John D. Rockefeller
started Standard Oil in Cleveland, Ohio,
in 1870
►
►One
of the
Populist
Party’s
goals in the 1892 presidential election
was to provide Americans with
greater democracy and voice in the
government
►Members
of the Populist Party
supported public ownership of
railroads because they thought it would
help small farmers
.
his book How the Other Half Lives,
Jacob Riis described the living
immigrants
conditions of
.
►In
►The
Church
became the center
of social and political life in urban
African American communities