Transcript reconstruction tunis campbell,KKK2

Governor of Georgia
during Reconstruction
Joseph E. Brown
backed President Andrew Johnson's
reconstruction policy
The only man to have four times been elected
governor of Georgia,
he came from a non-slave owning family
After the War, he became a Republican and
later returned to the democratic party
Tunis Campbell
(april 1, 1812 — december 1881)
reconstruction of georgia
Special field order no. 15
January 16, 1865
• strip of coastline from the islands from Charleston
south, the abandoned rice-fields along the rivers for
thirty miles back from the sea, to the St. John's River,
Florida, are reserved and set apart for the settlement of
the negroes now made free by the acts of war and the
proclamation of the President of the United States
• At Beaufort, Hilton Head, Savannah, Fernandina, St.
Augustine, and Jacksonville, the blacks may remain in
their chosen or accustomed vocations; but on the islands,
and in the settlements hereafter to be established, no
white person whatever, unless military officers and
soldiers detailed for duty, will be permitted to reside; and
the sole and exclusive management of affairs will be left
to the freed people themselves, subject only to the United
States military authority, and the acts of congress.
• By the laws of war, and orders of the President of the
United States, the negro is free, and must be dealt with as
such. He cannot be subjected to conscription, or forced
military service, save by the written orders of the United
States military authority, and the acts of congress
Button Gwinnet's house
St. Catherine’s Island
Slave quarters on
st. simon’s island
Slave quarters
Sapelo Island
slave tree
Freedman’s bureau
march 3, 1865
Set up for 1 year
to provide food, medical care, help with
resettlement, administer justice, manage
abandoned and confiscated property, regulate
labor, and establish schools.
the Bureau gave 850,000 acres of abandoned and
confiscated land to freedmen
The bureau was also responsible for dispersing
land according to General Sherman’s Special
Field Order No. 15.
• President Andrew Johnson returned
the land to Confederate owners
• Without the resettlement of land, the
bureau instead focused on helping
freedmen gain work.
• They encouraged them to work on
plantations
• this eventually led to oppressive
sharecropping and tenancy
arrangements
Sharecropping
Family Picking Cotton in the fields near
Savannah, Georgia, c. 1867
Under the
sharecropping system
black families rented
individual plots of
land.
The system used the
labor of all members
of the family
Cotton Gin 1867
Edisto island s.c.
African-Americans
found a wider
variety of
employment
opportunities in
cities than in rural
areas.
Many black women
worked as domestic
servants.
Farmers and sharecroppers often could not afford to
make a purchase except "on credit" at very high
interest rates.
Widespread use of credit increased debt and
poverty among rural Southerners during the
Reconstruction era.
Peanut field
Unloading cotton
Cotton farmers in the courthouse square, Marietta, Georgia, c. 1890
Originally organized in
the winter of 1865-66 in
Pulaski, Tennessee as a
social club by six
Confederate veterans,
the Ku Klux Klan
terrorized white
Republicans and
African Americans.
the robes and cross were
intended to link the
Klan to Christian
brotherhoods in the
past and also
protected their identity
1871
Ku klux klan
Members of the Ku
Klux Klan disguised
themselves in
hooded robes while
committing criminal
acts against
Southern blacks
and their
Republican allies.
Hooded horses
added another
element of terror
1866
• Although Klansmen did
not have official
uniforms during
Reconstruction, their
robes often featured
astrological symbols
and appliquéd facial
features.
• The Klan's more familiar
white robes came into
being during the 1920s
KKK
Used terror and threats of violence in an
attempt to restore southern Democrats to
power
Wanted to control social and economic
activates of blacks
Ways they intimidated blacks:
 At the polls-no secret ballots
 Lynching
 burning houses
 whippings
kkk
1869
gov. bullock asked congress for help to
correct problems of kkk, removing blacks
from political office and other problems
To reenter the United States Georgia had to:
write a new state constitution
Ratify the 15th amendment
Troops would leave georgia
• As quickly as gains came: schools created,
teachers trained, and black politicians
were elected into office• they vanished after southern whites took
back political power.
• The civil rights movement of the 1950s and
1960s is often called the Second
Reconstruction.