Transcript Reconstruction

Reconstruction
…How the South was
Gone with the Wind
The War changes the U.S.
• In the North, the fighting to defend
the Union made people see the US as a
single nation
______________rather
than a
collection of ________.
After 1865,
states
people no longer said “the United States
is
are,” but “the United States ___…”
The War changes the U.S.
1. The war caused the
U.S. federal
government to
_________…growing
expand
larger and more
powerful. It created a
paper currency
new ______________
and for the first time,
income tax
the ____________
was required
The War changes the U.S.
2. The war changed the national
____________.
economy
New industries were created and
______________
grew rapidly. By
manufacturing
the late 1800s, _________
industry was
replacing _________
as the basis for
farming
the whole national economy.
The War changes the U.S.
3. Of course the Southern economy
was ___________…farms
and
demolished
plantations were destroyed, about
livestock
40% of _________
were killed,
50% of its
farm __________
machinery
was destroyed…and
most importantly,
their largest labor
source, _________,
slavery
was gone.
The War changes the U.S.
4. Some of the
immediate problems
to solve were
a. How do we
integrate four
___________
million former slaves
into the nation?
b. How will the southern
states be brought
back to
____________?
the Union
Reconstruction
• ________________
is the process the
Reconstruction
federal government used to _________
readmit
the Confederate States back into the
Union and the task of creating a new
society _____based
on _______
NOT
slavery
Freedman’s Bureau
To assist former slaves in
the process of integration
into society
_____________,
the
government created the
“_________________,”
Freedman’s Bureau
which would help set up
schools
_________
and hospitals
and distribute clothes,
food in the
fuel, and ______
south. This program laid
the ground for the
“_____________.”
welfare state
Southern states rebel…again
• Southern lawmakers _________
resented the new
rules and laws forced upon them. Even
though they agreed to the 13th Amendment
to _________,
end slavery
they quickly
passed laws,
called
Black Codes
___________,
which severely
limited the
__________
of
freedom
former slaves.
Black Codes
Some states denied property
_____________
rights or
access to skilled trade jobs to blacks. Some
codes would not let blacks intermarry,
others wouldn't let them serve on ______,
juries
and some even said that
if you work for someone,
you must get his
_________
permission to ____.
quit
These codes kept blacks
in situations much like
that of a _________.
slave
Reconstruction politics
• Congress was overwhelmingly populated
by Republicans, who believed the federal
out of state
government should stay ____________
affairs, but a group called the _______
Radical
Republicans wanted to take an active
role in remaking (punishing) the South.
destroy the old
Their goal was to ______________
South and its ____________
ruling class to create
equality
___________
for all citizens.
Radical Reconstruction
• To ensure that the south was following the
new changes in law, Congress pass the
Reconstruction
______________
_______________
in
Acts of 1867
which they
–1. Divided the
South into five
___________
military
districts, each
run by a
military general
Radical Reconstruction
– 2. Required all
Southern states to
ratify the _____
14 th
Amendment giving
_____________
citizenship to
blacks, and
15 th
– 3. Ratify the ____
Amendment, giving
______________
voting rights
to black men.
40 Acres and a Mule?
• More than anything else, people wanted to
own their own land. As one freed slave put
it, “Give us our __________and
we take
own land
_________________,
care of ourselves but without it, the
old masters can _____
starve us,
hire us or ________
as they please.”
40 Acres and a Mule?
• Sherman suggested abandoned land in
40-acre
South Carolina be split into _________
parcels and given to ____________.
freedmen The
very few
rumor spread quickly, but ________
received land. Those that did
away
often had it taken
___________
when the original
owner protested.
Sharecropping
The period of reconstruction was
filled with uncertainty for the people
in the south. Having once relied on
the _________
free labor of
slaves to produce
wealth the
______,
plantation owners
now found
themselves
without workers
_____________.
Sharecropping
Freed slaves were equally distressed, as
they did not _______
____ to
own land or have jobs
sustain them. Many slaves were
_________
uneducated and lacked
skills. Often they
returned to the
_________ to work
plantations
for pay. However, the
plantation owners
lacked the _______
money
to pay salaries.
Sharecropping
A solution to both problems was the
sharecropping
concept of ____________.
With sharecropping, freed slaves would
pay the plantation
_____
owner _____
rent on a
portion of property
by giving the owner a
______________
share of the crops
grown on that land.
Sharecropping
The plantation owners provided
housing
“_________,”
materials, and
machinery needed for ________
farming the
land.
The practice of
sharecropping gave
the plantation
owners a far better
freed
life than the _____
slaves
________.
Sharecropping
New derogatory terms for
Americans
poor white
Scalawags
• _____________
– ____________
southern farmers, who sided with
the ___________
Republicans in
Radical
southern Reconstruction.
New derogatory terms for
Americans
______________
Carpetbaggers (named for the
material their suitcases were made of…)
northerners who rushed into
– white ___________
the south after the war
advantage of the
to take _________
depressed southern
economy, seeking to get rich
___
political influence
or gain _______________.
Ku Klux Klan
Many planters and former ____________
Confederate
soldiers did not want blacks to have more
______.
rights In 1866, these feelings emerged
in the rise of a
______
secret group
called the
Ku Klux Klan
__________,
whose goal was to
restore Democratic
control of the south
and keep former
powerless
slaves _________.
Ku Klux Klan
homes
• They _____
beat people, burned ______,
and even _______
lynched (hanged) victims,
killing them on the spot as punishment
for some supposed “______.”
crime
The Klan attacked
both blacks and
_____________.
white Republicans
Ku Klux Klan
The Klan’sterrorism
_________ helped the
gun-toting
Democratic party…as __________
Klansmen kept Republicans and blacks
away from
the voting
________,
polls
the Democrats
increased their
________.
power