Transcript The United States and East Asia Chapter 14, Section 3

THE UNITED STATES AND EAST
ASIA
Chapter 14, Section 3
FILIPINOS REBEL AGAINST U.S. RULE

While Filipinos saw the U.S. as allies during the
Spanish-American War, they soon plotted to
overthrow the U.S. rule.
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They employed guerilla warfare tactics such as
surprise raids and hit-and-run attacks, which
they had also used on the Spanish.
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They were led by Emilio Aguinaldo
The U.S. responded by imprisoning Filipinos.
In 1901, William Howard Taft became governor
of the Philippines.

To ease tensions, he ordered the construction of
schools, roads and bridges– things to improve the
country.
THE UNITED STATES PURSUES INTERESTS
IN CHINA

European countries saw China as a place of
valuable resources. They broke China into
spheres of influence, or assigned areas of trade.
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Secretary of State John Hay saw a need for U.S.
trade with China, so he proposed an ‘Open Door’
Policy.
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The U.S. was not included in the assigning.
Under this policy, the U.S. would agree not to
colonize China, but simply be able to trade with the
country.
The Boxer Rebellion, between the Japanese and
Chinese rebels created tension in the region.
TENSIONS RISE BETWEEN AMERICA AND
JAPAN
The Russo-Japanese War began when Japan
became frustrated with Russian troops in the
region of China known as Manchuria.
 When the two countries went to war, the United
States became involved.
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President Theodore Roosevelt negotiated an end to
the war, winning him a Nobel Peace Prize.
Roosevelt further brokered tensions with Japan
after San Francisco schools attempted to
segregate Japanese children.

In the Gentleman’s Agreement, the school board
pledged to end its segregation policy if Japan
restricted emigration from Japan.
TENSIONS RISE BETWEEN AMERICA AND
JAPAN
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In a demonstration of their growing Navy,
Theodore Roosevelt sent 16 white battleships on
a “good will cruise” around the world.
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These ships were known as the Great White Fleet.
It was a clever demonstration of military power
by the newly emerged imperial power.
THE UNITED STATES IN LATIN
AMERICA
Chapter 14, Section 4
U.S. POLICY IN PUERTO RICO AND CUBA
Puerto Rico remained under U.S. rule after the SA War. The Foraker Act was passed in 1900 and
established a civil government on the island.
 Although Puerto Rico was a part of the United
States, they could not enjoy the same privileges–
in the insular cases, it was decided that Puerto
Ricans had to pay taxes, but were not citizens.
 Similarly, Cubans disliked the Platt Amendment
because it restricted their freedoms, stating:

Had to have US consent to sign treaties;
 Lease land for naval bases (Guantanamo Bay);
 US had ‘right to intervene’ to uphold order.
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ROOSEVELT PURSUES “BIG STICK”
DIPLOMACY
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In regards to foreign policy, Roosevelt adopted a
belief that a strong military was needed to
achieve goals.
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This became known as “big stick diplomacy” from the
African proverb “speak softly and carry a big stick;
you will go far.”
In 1903, the U.S. bought the rights to the
Panama Canal from a French company.
Since Panama belonged to Colombia, they needed
permission from the Colombian gov to build.
 When the Panamanians rebelled for their
independence, Roosevelt sent ships to back them.
 Upon acquiring freedom, they purchased the Canal
Zone for $10 million, and $250,000 annual rent.
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ROOSEVELT PURSUES “BIG STICK”
DIPLOMACY
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When the canal was completed in 1914, it cut 8,000
miles off the trip from the Atlantic to the Pacific
Ocean.
When Latin American countries could not pay
their debts, European countries began to occupy
these countries.
 In an effort to demonstrate regional power,
Roosevelt updated the Monroe Doctrine by
adding this corollary to it:
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In the case of “chronic wrongdoing” (i.e debt) by a
foreign nation, the U.S. could step in as a ‘police
power’ and restore order.
It provided a basis for U.S. intervention.
WILSON PURSUES MORAL DIPLOMACY
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When William Taft assumed the role of
president, he continued the Open Door Policy in
China and focused his foreign policy on trade.
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Thus, he believed the way to interact and control
another country was through the use of money,
known as dollar diplomacy.
President Wilson’s foreign policy was even more
different from Roosevelt’s than Taft’s.
Instead of territorial conquest, Wilson believed in
promoting human rights and integrity in these
countries, known as ‘moral diplomacy’.
 However, both Taft and Wilson used the U.S.’ strong
military when necessary.
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WILSON PURSUES MORAL DIPLOMACY
One of these instances was in Mexico in 1914 to
help pro-American Venustiano Carranza attain
power.
 When Mexican rebels, led by Pancho Villa,
crossed the border into New Mexico and killed 18,
Wilson sent troops after him, led by John J.
Pershing.
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Villa managed to evade Pershing for months, and
eventually Wilson was forced to withdraw troops,
with the onset of WWI.