Transcript EOC BOOT CAMP

EOC BOOT CAMP
123 Terms – 4 Days –
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13th
Amendment
The Thirteenth
Amendment to the
United States
Constitution
abolished slavery
and involuntary
servitude, except
as punishment for
a crime.
14th
Amendment
The Fourteenth
Amendment
addresses citizenship
rights and equal
protection of the
laws, and was
proposed in
response to issues
related to former
slaves following the
American Civil War.
15th
Amendment
The Fifteenth
Amendment to the
United States
Constitution prohibits
the federal and state
governments from
denying a citizen the
right to vote based on
that citizen's "race,
color, or previous
condition of
servitude".
Homestead Act
The Homestead Acts
were several United
States federal laws
that gave an applicant
ownership of land,
typically called a
"homestead", at little
or no cost, this
originally consisted of
grants totaling 160
acres
Reconstruction
Reconstruction Era has
two senses: the first
covers the complete
history of the entire
country from 1865 to 1877
following the Civil War;
the second sense focuses
on the transformation of
the Southern United
States from 1863 to 1877,
as directed by
Washington, with the
reconstruction of state
and society.
Jim Crow Laws
The Jim Crow laws were
state and local laws in the
United States enacted
between 1876 and 1965.
They mandated de jure
racial segregation in all
public facilities in
Southern states of the
former Confederacy, with,
starting in 1890, a
"separate but equal"
status for African
Americans.
Poll Tax
A tax to be paid as a
prerequisite to voting. The
term was widely used in
the South at the turn of
the 20th century in
combination with other
measures as a means of
disfranchisement to bar
poor people, especially
blacks, from voter
registration and voting.
Literacy Tests
A literacy test refers
to the government
practice of testing the
literacy
(reading/writing
ability) of potential
citizens at the federal
level, and potential
voters at the state
level.
Plessy v.
Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896),
is a landmark United
States Supreme Court
decision, upholding the
constitutionality of state
laws requiring racial
segregation in public
facilities under the
doctrine of "separate but
equal".
Andrew Johnson
Johnson became president
as Abraham Lincoln's vice
president at the time of
Lincoln's assassination,
and he came into conflict
with the Republicandominated Congress,
culminating in his
impeachment by the
House of Representatives.
The first American
president to be
impeached, he was
acquitted in the Senate by
one vote.
Impeach
Impeachment is a
formal process in
which an official is
accused of unlawful
activity, the outcome
of which, depending
on the country, may
include the removal
of that official from
office as well as
criminal or civil
punishment.
Pendleton Act
Government jobs
should be awarded
on the basis of
merit. The act
provided selection
of government
employees by
competitive
exams, than ties to
politicians or
political affiliation.
Importance of
Railroads
With steam engines,
it was possible to
construct mainline
railways, which were
a key component of
the industrial
revolution. Also,
railways reduced the
costs of shipping, and
allowed for fewer lost
goods.
Transcontinental
Railroad
This was the
connection of
railroads that
allowed the
Western portion of
the United States
to be connected to
major railroads in
the Eastern half of
the United States.
Railroads Impact
on Farmers
Allowed for
quicker
transportation
of food from
farms (mainly in
the Midwest) to
large populous
cities (mainly in
the East)
Cattle Drives
A cattle drive is
the process of
moving a herd of
cattle from one
place to another,
usually moved and
herded by
cowboys on
horses.
Steel Plow
In 1837 John Deere
introduced the first
steel plough; it was so
much stronger than
iron designs that it
could work soil in
areas of the US that
had previously been
considered unsuitable
for farming.
Model T
It is generally
regarded as the first
affordable
automobile, the car
that opened travel to
the common middleclass American; some
of this was because of
Ford's efficient
creatation
Bessemer
Process
The Bessemer
process was the
first inexpensive
industrial process
for the massproduction of steel
from molten iron
Assembly Line
An assembly line is a
manufacturing process
in which parts (usually
interchangeable parts)
are added to a product
in a sequential manner
to create a finished
product much faster
than with
handcrafting-type
methods.
Steel
It build American
and help improve
our transportation
system. Also it also
help change how
our country looks.
In addition it
increase the growth
of industries and
connected the
cities.
Populist Party
Based among poor,
white cotton farmers
in the South and
hard-pressed wheat
farmers in the plains
states, it represented
rural people (think
farmers) and
preached hostility
towards banks,
railroads, and elites.
Bimetallism
Both gold and
silver money are
legal tender in
unlimited
amounts.
Immigrants
Impact
Immigrants that came
to the United States did
many of the jobs that
many American citizens
refused to do. This
caused the Americans
to distrust immigrants
because they were
“taking” jobs.
Many immigrants also
were responsible for
helping to create
“Modern America”
Role of Immigrants
on American
Expansion
Many immigrants
(especially Asian
immigrants) were
the ones who
performed many
of the dangerous
jobs to help
America complete
Manifest Destiny
Susan B.
Anthony
She was a prominent
American civil rights
leader and feminist
who played a pivotal
role in the 19th
century women's
rights movement to
introduce women's
suffrage into the
United States.
Monopolies
A situation in which a
single company or group
owns all or nearly all of
the market for a given
type of product or service.
By definition, monopoly is
characterized by an
absence of competition,
which often results in high
prices and inferior
products.
Horizontal
Integration
Buying out
competition
that is similar or
alike.
(Examples;
Chevrolet
buying Ford and
Toyota)
Vertical
Integration
Control of the
suppliers and the
producers are
controlled by the
same person or
group. (Example;
Andrew Carnegie
and Steel)
Sherman AntiTrust Act
It prohibits certain business
activities that federal
government regulators deem
to be anticompetitive, and
requires the federal
government to investigate
and pursue trusts,
companies, and organizations
suspected of being in
violation. It was the first
federal statute to limit cartels
and monopolies, and today
still forms the basis for most
antitrust litigation by the
United States federal
government.
Imperialism
Imperialism is defined as
"an unequal human and
territorial relationship,
usually in the form of an
empire, based on ideas of
superiority and practices
of dominance, and
involving the extension of
authority and control of
one state or people over
another.”
policy of extending
control over weaker
nations
What are the reasons
for Imperialism
1. Global Competition
2. Desire for Military
Strength
3. Thirst for New Markets
4. Belief in Cultural
Superiority
SpanishAmerican War
The Spanish–
American War was
a conflict in 1898
between Spain
and the United
States, which the
United States
gained several
island possessions
spanning the globe
USS Maine
Sent to protect U.S.
interests during the
Cuban revolt
against Spain, she
exploded suddenly
without warning
and sank quickly,
killing nearly three
quarters of her
crew (266)
Yellow
Journalism
A type of journalism
that presents little or
no legitimate wellresearched news and
instead uses eyecatching headlines to
sell more newspapers.
Techniques may
include exaggerations
of news events,
scandal-mongering, or
sensationalism.
Andrew
Carnegie
He was an
industrialist who led
the enormous
expansion of the
American steel
industry. He was also
one of the highest
profile philanthropists
of his era; he called
on the rich to use
their wealth to
improve society.
John D.
Rockefeller
He was an American
tycoon, businessman,
and philanthropist. He
was a co-founder of
the Standard Oil
Company, which
dominated the oil
industry and was the
first great U.S.
business trust.
Rockefeller
revolutionized the oil
industry
Cornelius
Vanderbilt
He was an American
tycoon,
businessman, and
philanthropist who
built his wealth in
railroads and
shipping. He was also
the patriarch of the
Vanderbilt family
and one of the
richest Americans in
history.
Henry Ford
He was an American
industrialist, the founder of
the Ford Motor Company,
and sponsor of the
development of the assembly
line technique of mass
production. Ford did not
invent the automobile nor
did he invent the assembly
line. Ford however was the
first to develop and
manufacture the first
automobile that many middle
class Americans could afford
to buy.
Labor Unions
An organization of
workers who have
banded together to
achieve common goals
such as protecting the
integrity of its trade,
achieving higher pay,
increasing the number
of employees an
employer hires, and
better working
conditions
Progressive Era
The Progressive Era
was a period of social
activism and political
reform in the United
States that flourished
from the 1890s to the
1920s. One main goal
of the Progressive
movement was
purification of
government, as
Progressives tried to
eliminate corruption
Upton Sinclair
He achieved popularity in the
first half of the twentieth
century, acquiring particular
fame for his classic
muckraking novel, The
Jungle. It exposed conditions
in the U.S. meat packing
industry, causing a public
uproar that contributed in
part to the passage a few
months later of the 1906
Pure Food and Drug Act and
the Meat Inspection Act
Muckraking
The term muckraker refers
to reform-minded
journalists who wrote
largely for popular
magazines, continued a
tradition of investigative
journalism reporting
The term "muckraking"
was used to refer in a
general sense to a writer
who investigates and
publishes truthful reports
to perform an auditing or
watchdog function.
Living Standards
Standard of living
refers to the level
of wealth, comfort,
material goods and
necessities
available to a
certain
socioeconomic
class in a certain
geographic area.
World War I
Although imperialism
was an underlying cause,
the immediate trigger for
war was the
assassination of
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand of Austria.
This set off a diplomatic
crisis and international
alliances formed over the
previous decades were
invoked. Within weeks,
the major powers were
at war and the conflict
Lusitania
On the afternoon of 7
May, Lusitania was
torpedoed by a
German U-Boat off the
southern coast of
Ireland and inside the
declared "zone of war“
causing the deaths of
1,198 passengers (128
Americans ). This
brought the US into
WWI
Unrestricted
Submarine Warfare
Unrestricted
submarine warfare
is a type of naval
warfare in which
submarines sink
vessels such as
freighters and
tankers without
warning.
Zimmermann
Telegram
Was a 1917 diplomatic
proposal from Germany
to Mexico to join the
Central Powers, in the
event of the United
States entering World
War I.
Revelation of the
contents outraged
American public opinion
and helped generate
support for the United
States declaration of war
on Germany
Propaganda
Propaganda is a form of
communication aimed
towards influencing the
attitude of the
community toward
some cause or position
by presenting only one
side of an argument.
Propaganda statements
may be partly false and
partly true.
Goes after an emotion
of the reader.
Espionage Act
It was intended to
prohibit interference
with military
operations or
recruitment, to
prevent
insubordination in the
military, and to
prevent the support of
U.S. enemies during
wartime through
journalism/random
speech.
League of
Nations
Was an
intergovernmental
organization founded as
a result of the Paris
Peace Conference that
ended the First World
War. It was the first
international
organization whose
principal mission was to
maintain world peace.
Collapsed due to lack of
global support (including
the US)
Capitalism
Capitalism is an
economic system in
which trade,
industry and the
means of
production are
controlled by
private owners
with the goal of
making profits in a
market economy
Socialism
A way of
organizing a
society in which
major industries
are owned and
controlled by the
government rather
than by individual
people and
companies
Communism
A way of organizing a
society in which the
government owns the
things that are used to
make and transport
products (such as land,
oil, factories, ships,
etc.) and there is no
privately owned
property.
Everyone/thing is
equal
Roaring 20s
The 1920s was a
decade that began on
January 1, 1920 and
ended on December
31, 1929. It is
sometimes referred to
as the Roaring
Twenties, when
speaking about the
United States because
of the economic boom
following World War I.
Consumerism
Consumerism is a
social and
economic order
that encourages
the purchase of
goods and services
in ever-greater
amounts.
Prohibition
Prohibition, is the
legal act of
prohibiting the
manufacture,
transportation and
sale of alcohol and
alcoholic
beverages.
Speakeasies
This is an
establishment that
illegally sells
alcoholic
beverages.
Nativism
Nativism typically
means opposition to
immigration and
support of efforts to
lower the political or
legal status of specific
ethnic or cultural
groups because the
groups are considered
hostile or alien to the
natural culture, and
assumptions that they
cannot be assimilated
Red Scare
The term Red Scare
denotes the
promotion of fear of
a potential rise of
communism &
focused on national
and foreign
communists
influencing society,
infiltrating the
federal government
Flapper
Flappers were a "new
breed" of young women in
the 1920s who wore short
skirts, bobbed their hair,
listened to jazz, and
flaunted their disdain for
what was then considered
acceptable behavior.
Flappers were seen as
brash for wearing
excessive makeup,
drinking, smoking, driving
automobiles, and
otherwise flouting social
norms
Credit/Debt
Credit is given to
people who do not
possess the means to
pay for goods.
If not repaid in a
timely manner, then
debt occurs.
Great
Depression
The Great
Depression was a
severe worldwide
economic depression .
In most countries it
started in 1930 and
lasted until the late
1930s or middle 1940s.
It was the longest,
most widespread, and
deepest depression of
the 20th century.
Causes of the
Great Depression
1. Bank Failures
2. Stock Market Crash
of 1929
3. Over-production of
farms
4. Over credit/debt
5. Lack of
government
support/help
6. Unemployment
OverSpeculation
Speculation is the
practice of engaging
in risky financial
transactions in an
attempt to profit from
short or medium term
fluctuations in
the market value of a
tradable goods rather
than attempting to
profit from long term
Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl was a
period of severe dust
storms that greatly
damaged the landscape
and agriculture of
the US during the
1930s;
severe drought and a
failure to use new
farming methods to
prevent wind erosion
caused the
phenomenon
Deficit Spending
Deficit spending is
the amount by
which spending
exceeds revenue
over a particular
period of time
Hoovervilles
A "Hooverville" is the
popular name
for shanty towns built
by homeless people
during the Great
Depression. They were
named after Herbert
Hoover, who
was President of the
United States during
the onset of the
Depression and widely
blamed for it.
Laissez-Faire
Laissez-faire is an economic
environment in which
transactions between private
parties are free
from government restrictions,
tariffs, and subsidies, with
only enough regulations to
protect property rights.
The phrase laissezfaire is French and literally
means "let [them] do", but it
broadly implies "leave it
alone".
New Deal
The New Deal was a series of
domestic economic programs
enacted in the United States
between 1933 and 1936. The
programs were in response to
the Great Depression, and
focused on what historians
call the "3 Rs":
Relief, Recovery, and Reform.
That is Relief for the
unemployed and poor;
Recovery of the economy to
normal levels; and Reform of
the financial system to
prevent a repeat depression
Great Migration
Great Migration was
the migration of more
than five
million African
Americans from
the South to
the North, Midwest a
nd West. It took place
from 1941,
through World War II,
and lasted until 1970
F.D.I.C.
It provides deposit
insurance
guaranteeing the
safety of a depositor's
accounts in member
banks up to $250,000
for each deposit
ownership category in
each insured bank.
World War II
It involved the vast
majority of the world's
nations—including all of
the great powers—
eventually forming two
opposing military alliances:
the Allies and the Axis. It
was the most widespread
war in history, with more
than 100 million people,
from more than 30
different countries.
Causes of WWII
Invasion of Poland by
Germany and the
Soviet Union
Japan bombing Pearl
Harbor
Fascism
Fascists sought to unify
their nation through a
totalitarian state that
promoted the mass
mobilization of the
national community, and
were characterized by
having a vanguard party
that initiated a
revolutionary political
movement aiming to
reorganize the nation
Appeasement
Appeasement in a
political context, is a
diplomatic policy of
making political or
material concessions
to a (potential) enemy
power (or powers) in
order to avoid a
threatened conflict
“Rosie the
Riveter”
Rosie the Riveter is a
cultural icon of the
United States,
representing the
American women who
worked in factories
during World War II,
many of whom
produced munitions
and war supplies
Manhattan
Project
The Manhattan
Project was a research
and development
project that produced
the first atomic bombs
during World War II
Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan
was the American
initiative to aid
Europe, in which the
United States gave
economic support to
help rebuild European
economies after the
end of World War II in
order to prevent the
spread of Soviet
Communism
America in the
1950s
Time after WWII when
America expanded into
a “cookie cutter” world
that looked alike.
Things like the “perfect
family” threats of
nuclear war, and fear
of communism are
common themes.
Suburbia
A suburb is a
residential area or a
mixed use area, either
existing as part of a
city or urban area, or
as a separate
residential community
within commuting
distance of a city
United Nations
The United Nations
(UN) is an
intergovernmental
organization created
in 1945 to promote
world peace,
economic and social
development, and
other forms of
international
cooperation.
Cold War
The Cold War, often
dated from 1947 to
1991, was a sustained
state of political and
military tension
between powers in
the United States
with NATO among its
allies, and powers
dominated by the
Soviet Union along
with the Warsaw Pact
Domino Theory
The domino theory
existed from the 1950s
to the 1980s. It was
promoted at times by
the United States
government and
speculated that if one
state in a region came
under the influence of
communism, then the
surrounding countries
would follow in a
domino effect
Space Race
The Space Race
was a competition
between the
Soviet Union
(USSR) and the
United States (US)
for supremacy in
space exploration.
Bay of Pigs
Incident
An American CIAsponsored attempt
to overthrow the
new government
of Cuban Prime
Minister Fidel
Castro in April
1961.
Containment
Containment was
a United States
policy to prevent
the spread of
communism
abroad.
Korean War
The Korean War was a
war between the
South Korea,
supported by the
United Nations, and
North Korea, at one
time supported by the
People's Republic of
China and the Soviet
Union.
McCarthyism
McCarthyism is the
practice of making
accusations of
disloyalty, subversion,
or treason without
proper regard for
evidence.
Fears of communism
in the US and US
government
Vietnam War
The U.S. government
viewed American
involvement in the war as
a way to prevent a
communist takeover of
South Vietnam. This was
part of their wider strategy
of containment, which
aimed to stop the spread
of communism. The North
Vietnamese government
and the Viet Cong were
fighting to reunify Vietnam
under communist rule.
Gulf of Tonkin
Resolution
It is of historical
significance because it
gave U.S. President
Lyndon B. Johnson
authorization, without
a formal declaration of
war by Congress, for
the use of
"conventional''
military force in
Southeast Asia.
Counter Culture
of the 1960s
The hippie subculture
was originally a youth
movement that arose
in the United States
during the mid-1960s
Civil Rights
Civil rights are a class
of rights that protect
individuals' freedom
from governments
and private
organizations, and
ensure one's ability to
participate in the civil
and political life of
the state without
discrimination or
repression.
Martin Luther
King Jr.
Martin Luther King, Jr.
was an American
clergyman, activist,
humanitarian, and
leader in the AfricanAmerican Civil Rights
Movement. He is best
known for his role in
the advancement of
civil rights using
nonviolent civil
disobedience
Non-Violence
Nonviolent resistance
(or nonviolent action)
is the practice of
achieving goals
through symbolic
protests, civil
disobedience, and
other methods,
without using
violence.
Integration
Integration includes goals
such as leveling barriers to
association, creating equal
opportunity regardless of
race, and the
development of a culture
that draws on diverse
traditions, rather than
merely bringing a racial
minority into the majority
culture. Desegregation is
largely a legal matter,
integration largely a social
one.
Malcolm X
Malcolm X was an
African-American
Muslim minister and
human rights activist.
He has been called
one of the greatest
and most influential
African Americans in
history.
Racial
Segregation
Racial
segregation is
separation of
humans into
racial groups in
daily life
Civil Rights Act
of 1964
Is a landmark piece of civil
rights legislation in the United
States that outlawed major
forms of discrimination
against racial, ethnic, national
and religious minorities, and
women. It ended unequal
application of voter
registration requirements and
racial segregation in schools,
at the workplace and by
facilities that served the
general public (known as
"public accommodations")
Harlem
Renaissance
The Movement also
included the new
African-American
cultural expressions
across the urban
areas in the Northeast
and Midwest United
States affected by the
Great Migration
(African American), of
which Harlem was the
largest.
Watergate
Scandal
The Watergate scandal
was a political scandal
that occurred in the
United States in the 1970s
as a result of the June 17,
1972 break-in at the
Democratic National
Committee headquarters
at the Watergate office
complex in Washington,
D.C., and the Nixon
administration's
attempted cover-up of its
involvement.
1970s America
The decade as a
"pivot of
change" in
world history
focusing
especially on
the economic
upheavals
OPEC Embargo
In October 1973, OPEC
declared an oil
embargo in response
to the United States'
and Western Europe's
support of Israel in the
Yom Kippur War of
1973. The result was a
rise in oil prices from
$3 per barrel to $12
and the
commencement of gas
rationing.
Rust Belt
The Rust Belt is the
informal description
for a postindustrial
region straddling the
Northeastern and the
East North Central
States, referring to
economic decline,
population loss and
urban decay due to the
shrinking of its once
powerful industrial
sector.
Majority
Rules/Minority
Rights
When making
rules/laws the
majority of people that
want something win,
but they MUST
RESPECT those that do
not
Checks &
Balances
This allows for each
branch of the
government to keep an
eye on each other.
Filibuster
A filibuster is a
parliamentary
procedure where
debate is extended,
allowing one or more
members to delay or
entirely prevent a
vote on a given
proposal. It is
sometimes referred
to as talking out a bill
Interest Groups
Similar to Unions,
these groups fight for
rights of certain
people. (Examples;
Oil, Tobacco, Guns,
Education, etc…)
Eminent Domain
the power to
take private
property for
public use by a
state or
national
government.
Basic Government
Principles