Transcript Ch 3 notes

Chapter Three
“The Growth of a Young Nation
CHAPTER THREE OBJECTIVES
1. analyze the Jefferson Era, the Age of Jackson, manifest
destiny, the market revolution, and various reform
movements during the first half of the 19th century
C H A P T E R T H R E E OV E RV I E W
In the first half of the 1800s, the United States grows –
adding land and people. The economy grows throughout
the nation, but the different regions develop varied ways of
life and attitudes.
CHAPTER THREE
CHAPTERS IN BRIEF ANSWERS
1. Why did Americans fight the British in 1812?
> Britain and France threatened American merchant
ships
> British seized sailors from American ships and
forced them to join the British navy
> British helped Native Americans who fought
settlers in the West
CHAPTER THREE
CHAPTERS IN BRIEF ANSWERS
2. What three conflicts occurred during the administration
of President Jackson?
> Indian removal / the new tariff / national bank
3. What events led to the growth of the United States in
1840?
> the agreement with Britain over Oregon
> the annexation of Texas
> the treaty ending the Mexican-American War
CHAPTER THREE
CHAPTERS IN BRIEF ANSWERS
4. What reform movements did women participate in
during the early 1800s?
> women worked for abolition, temperance,
improved education, and women’s rights
Chapter Three – Section One
The Jeffersonian Era
CHAPTERS IN BRIEF
Thomas Jefferson won a close and bitter election in 1800 to become
president. Jefferson wanted to make the federal government smaller. At the
same time, the Supreme Court acted to increase its power. Chief Justice
John Marshall wrote the opinion in a critical decision, Marbury v. Madison.
This established the principle of judicial review, which granted the Supreme
Court authority to decide whether a law was allowed by the Constitution.
Jefferson expanded American territory. He bought the vast Louisiana
Territory from France. The land stretched from the Mississippi River to the
Rocky Mountains. The purchase doubled the size of the United States.
Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and Clark to explore this territory
CHAPTERS IN BRIEF
During Jefferson’s two terms as president, Britain and France fought a
war. Both sides threatened American merchant ships. The British also
seized sailors from American ships an forced them to join the British
navy. In addition, the British helped Native Americans who fought
settlers in the West. Anger against Britain rose. Finally in 1812,
Congress declared war on Great Britain.
In 1814, the Treaty of Ghent ended the war but created no clear winner.
The war had important results, though. The Federalist party died out.
The war also led Americans to develop their own industries. Finally, it
showed that the United States was truly independent of Britain.
CHAPTERS IN BRIEF
Americans felt strong national pride in the years after the
War of 1812. The nation obtained Florida from Spain. In
1823, President James Monroe warned European nations
not to interfere with any nation in the Americas. This
foreign policy statement became known as the Monroe
Doctrine.
THOMAS JEFFERSON
Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams in the
election of 1800 for the presidency
• tie between Jefferson and Aaron Burr
• decided in the House of Representatives
Jeffersonian Republicanism – theory of government
1. people should control the government
2. simple government best suited people’s needs
THOMAS JEFFERSON
1803 case Marbury v. Madison sets up the idea of judicial review
Judicial Review: the ability of the Supreme Court to declare a
law unconstitutional
** Marbury vs. Madison was a ground breaking court case
because it established the policy of judicial review **
THOMAS JEFFERSON
The Louisiana Purchase
• Napoleon Bonaparte abandoned his ideas of an American
empire in 1803
• Napoleon offered to sell the Louisiana Territory to the United
States
• Thomas Jefferson purchased it at a price of $15 million
(extended from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains)
THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE
THE WAR OF 1812
 James Monroe takes office in 1808
 War of 1812
• renewed fighting between Britain and France threatened
American shipping
• America focused anger on Britain due to impressments
Impressment: practice of seizing Americans at sea and “impressing” or
drafting them into the British navy
 War ensued in 1812 and ended on Christmas Eve 1814 = Americans lost 
WAR OF 1812
** Three Important Consequences **
1.
ended the Federalist Party
2.
encouraged growth of American industries to manufacture products no
longer available from Britain because of the war
3.
reasserting of American independence - confirmed that the United States
as a free and independent nation
STAR SPANGLED BANNER
 on September 14, 1814, U.S. soldiers at Baltimore’s Fort McHenry
raised a huge American flag to
celebrate a crucial victory over
British forces during the
War of 1812
 the sight of those
“broad stripes and bright stars”
inspired Francis Scott Key to
write a song that eventually became
the United States national anthem
OH, SAY CAN YOU SEE?
JAMES MONROE
 established the Monroe Doctrine policy
Monroe Doctrine: European countries should not interfere in affairs
of the Western Hemisphere
Chapter Three – Section Two
The Age of Jackson
CHAPTERS IN BRIEF
The New England and Middle Atlantic states began to develop new
industries. In the Northwest Territory, farmers thrived. In the South,
farmers raised cotton. As the demand for cotton grew, slavery spread in
the South. Meanwhile, Northern states gradually abolished slavery.
Henry Clay tried to unite the sections with a plan for economic
development called the American System. A tariff on imported goods
helped American industries grow. The creation of a national bank made
a national currency available. The nation built new canals and roads
making it easier to move people and goods across the country.
CHAPTERS IN BRIEF
Leaders debated whether new states should allow slavery or not. The Missouri
Compromise of 1820 seemed to settle the issue by allowing slavery in the
Louisiana Territory south of the 360 30’ north latitude line.
In 1828, Andrew Jackson became president. His presidential style made him
very popular with common people. This popularity became important as the
right to vote was expanded to include more people.
In 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act, which forced Native
Americans out of the Southeast. The Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional.
Jackson defied the Court, which could not enforce its ruling. The Cherokees
were the last to move west.
CHAPTERS IN BRIEF
Southern leaders opposed tariffs (taxes on imported goods passed by Congress
in 1832). South Carolina passed a law declaring the tariff null and void in that
state. Jackson threatened to send the army to enforce federal law. A
compromise prevented violence, but tensions remained. Another conflict
emerged over the national bank. Jackson won, and the bank went out of
existence. This contributed to an economic collapse that hit the nation in
1837.
Americans began to speak of manifest destiny – the belief that the United
States was meant to expand from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean.
People moved west in search of economic opportunity. Meanwhile, the U.S.
government made treaties with Native Americans that it did not honor.
CHAPTERS IN BRIEF
Trails brought traders to New Mexico and settlers to Oregon. Thousands
of Mormons moved to Utah. In 1846, Britain agreed to give its share of
the Oregon country to the United States.
The Mexican government invited Americans to settle in Texas, which was
then a part of Mexico. Tension grew between the settlers and the Mexican
government. In 1836, Texas won its independence. After nine years as an
independent republic, Texas entered the Union in 1845.
CHAPTERS IN BRIEF
Some Americans wanted to annex Mexico’s northern regions. But Mexico
refused to sell the land. Finally, President James K. Polk persuaded
Congress to declare war on Mexico, starting the Mexican-American War.
The United States won the war, and through a peace treaty the United
States gained all of present-day California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah,
and parts of three other states.
Soon after the war ended, gold was discovered in California. Thousands
of people streamed west in the gold rush, hoping to make their fortune.
REGIONAL ECONOMIES
Early 19th Century
 Northeast = industrialized
• manufacturing, textile or
fabric, mills
 South and West = agricultural
• cotton gin (Eli Whitney)
• need for more field labor
• expansion of slavery
NATIONALIS M VS .
S ECTIONAL IS M
 Henry Clay (House Speaker) created the
Missouri Compromise
Missouri Compromise: a series of
agreements passed
by Congress to
maintain the
balance of power
between slave and
free states
THE AGE OF
A N D R E W JA C K S O N
 elected into office in 1828
 Jacksonian Democracy: American
political philosophy that the
government should listen to and
follow the will of all the people,
not just the wealthy people
THE AGE OF
A N D R E W JA C K S O N
 as part of this philosophy, Jackson
sought to give common people a chance
to participate in government; he did this
through the spoils system
Spoils System: common practice by
Jackson of awarding high
level jobs to political
supporters
THE AGE OF
ANDREW JACKS ON
 in 1830, Congress and the support of
Jackson, passed the Indian Removal Act
Indian Removal Act: law signed by
Jackson because
white settlers
wanted more land
for cotton
production
Indian Removal Act / Trail of Tears (7:05)
http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/the-trail-of-tears-and-jacksonsindian-removal-act-of-1830.html
THE AGE OF
ANDREW JACKS ON
 created the Trail of Tears
where U.S. troops rounded
up the Cherokee and
drove them into camps to
await the journey west
JACKS ONIAN DEMOCRAT
** A Jacksonian Democrat would believe:
1. every man has the right to vote
2. land west should be taken from the Indians
3. government jobs should be given to political
supporters **
THE AGE OF
ANDREW JACKS ON
** westward expansion resulted
in an increase in bitterness and
threatened national unity due to
slavery **
 with much travel westward,
the belief of Manifest
Destiny arose
MANIFEST DESTINY
** Manifest Destiny:
America has a clear
destiny to be better
than every other
country because of
its noble ideals of
liberty and equality **
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
Explain how the Louisiana Purchase
affected the United States.
Write three complete sentences in the summary location on your note sheet
CHAPTER THREE OBJECTIVES
1. analyze the Jefferson Era, the Age of Jackson, manifest
destiny, the market revolution, and various reform
movements during the first half of the 19th century