Transcript Onset of Cold War 2x

Cold War Began in
1947
Onset of the
Cold War
http://www.youtube
.com/watch?v=2a2S
S0zqmzk
http://www.bbc.co.uk/sc
hools/gcsebitesize/histor
y/mwh/ir2/causes_coldw
aract.shtml
Key Players in the onset of the
Cold War
Democracy
vs.
Communism
Joseph Stalin:
Leader of USSR
Harry Truman:
President of the
United States of
America
What is the Cold War?
• Cold War is the conflict
between the Communist
nations led by the Soviet
Union and the democratic
nations led by the United
States.
• It was fought by all means propaganda, economic
war, diplomatic pressures
and the occasional
military clashes.
• It was fought in all places in neutral states, in newly
independent nations in
Africa, Asia and even in
outer space.
Causes of the Cold War
*American fear of communist attack
* Truman’s dislike of Stalin
* Russia’s fear of the American's atomic bomb
* Russia’s dislike of capitalism
* Russia’s actions in the Soviet zone of Germany
* America’s refusal to share nuclear secrets
* Russia’s expansion west into Eastern Europe +
broken election promises
* Russia’s fear of American attack
* Russia’s need for a secure western border
* Russia’s aim of spreading world communism
Map of Europe During the Cold
War
Review Question:
• List a cause of the Cold War.
Former Allies Clash
• U.S. and Soviet Unions had different futures
– Soviet Communism: state controlled all
property and economic activity
• Goals in Eastern Europe: spread communism and
create a buffer zone against Germany
– Capitalism: private citizens controlled almost all
economic activity
• During the war, the two sides (U.S. and
USSR) became skeptical of each other.
– Stalin resented the allies for not attacking the
Germans in Europe sooner
– The relationship worsened when he found that
the U.S. kept the plan of the atomic bomb secret
from the Soviet Union.
Soviets and Eastern Europe
• The Soviet Union emerged with enormous
military and economic strength.
• Soviets had to rebuild their country.
• The Soviets felt justified to take over the
Eastern part of Europe.
• Soviet Governments in Eastern Europe:
– Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary,
Romania, and Poland.
– satellite nations: countries dominated by the
Soviet Union.
• Stalin: “capitalism and communism were not
compatible and there will be another war in
the future.”
Cold War Begins
• 1948: pro-communist governments
were put in place in Eastern Europe.
• 1947: Stalin went after Greece
– GB could not afford to defend Greece
– US would not allow communism in
Greece!!
Review Questions:
• Why did the Soviets take over Eastern
Europe?
• What is a satellite nation?
Containment Policy
• February 1946: George Kennanproposed a policy of Containment
– containment: taking measures to
prevent any extension of communist rule
to other countries. The policy began to
guide the Truman administration’s
foreign policy.
• “Iron Curtain:” phrase to describe an
imaginary line that separated Eastern
and Western Europe.
Truman Doctrine
•
•
•
•
Turkey and Greece=
Containment Nations
Great Britain sent economic
and military support
Because of the war Great
Britain had war debts, they
asked the US to take over the
aid.
March 12, 1947
– Truman asked Congress for
$400 million of military and
economic aid for Greece and
Turkey.
•
•
Truman Doctrine: Truman
declared that “it must be the
policy of the United States to
support free people who are
resisting attempted
subjugation by armed
minorities or by outside
pressures.”
Congress Agreed!
Review Questions:
• Why did the US have to aid Greece
and Turkey?
Marshall Plan
•
•
•
•
Western Europe was in chaos
Factories from the war were bombed or looted
millions of people were living in refugee camps
Winter of 1946-7
– damaged crops and froze rivers, cutting off water
transportation and causing a fuel shortage.
• June 1947: Secretary of State George Marshall
proposed that the US provide aid to all European
nations that needed it.
• Marshall Plan: (1947) the US supplied economic aid
and food to European nations to help them rebuild
– Stalin declined aid to USSR and Eastern Europe
• By 1952 Western Europe was flourishing
Review Questions:
• Who was the Marshall Plan named
after?
a. the president
b. Secretary of state
c. Secretary of defense
• What was the purpose of the Marshall
Plan?
Continued
Yalta Conference
• Soviets wanted to take
reparations from
Germany to help repay
wartime Soviet losses.
Potsdam Conference
• Agreed they
(USSR,US,France, and
GB) would only take
reparations from their
own occupied zone of
Germany.
• US, France, GB
combined their zone (no
more reparations!)
• Truman- US wants to
spread free trade around
Europe
• US became the economic
power after the war.
•
Berlin Airlift
• Berlin was occupied by the Allies
• June 1948: Stalin tried forcing Allies
out!
– Sealed off every road and highway into
Western parts of the city
– The western powers created a 24/7 airlift of
supplies into Berlin!
– More than a year cargo planes supplied West
Berlin with food and fuel.
– The West won; the Soviets stopped the airlift!
NATO
• 1949: US, Canada and 10 other North
American countries formed a military
alliance.
– NATO= North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
– Pledged to help one another if they were
attacked
The Warsaw Pact
• 1955: West Germany was allowed to
rearm and join NATO, therefore the
Soviet Union got nervous.
• They created their own military
alliance called the Warsaw Pact- the
pact linked the Soviet Union with
seven Eastern European countries.
Berlin Crisis
• 1961: East
Germans want
Democracy
• E. Germans bad
mouthing
Communism
• Khrushchev
threatened that he
would help close off
access to W. Berlin
• Kennedy refused to
give up accessnever let
communism win
• Aug. 13, 1961
Berlin wall started
to go up
– Ended crisis, but
created more
tension
Crises over Cuba
• Explain how Castro
came to power.
• Did the U.S.
recognize Cuba as a
country when Castro
took over?
• What did Castro do
to worsen relations
with the US early on?
• Who did Castro
receive aid from?
• Who planned the Bay
of Pigs?
• Explain the Bay of
Pigs Invasion.
Include….
–
–
–
–
Date
People involved
Important details
Outcome
Cuban Missile Crisis:
• Who was an ally of
Cuba’s, what did
they promise?
• When did tensions
rise between Cuba
and the U.S. (date)?
• Why were Americans
scared?
• What steps were
taken during the six
day standstill in
October of 1962?
• What was the
outcome of the
Cuban Missile
Crisis? Why did
USSR back down?
What is Communism?
• What do
communists value?
• Wanted to spread
communism and
the command
economy to other
countries.
• Government owns
most property
• Nakita Khrushchev=
leader of USSR after
Stalin
Leonid Brezhnev= leader
after Khrushchev till
1982
Free Markets and Containing
Communism
• What type of
economy is a
Communist
economy?
• Capitalist
countries=
_____________
economy.
• What are the
differences?
• What does
containing
communism mean?
Living with Nuclear Danger
• What did Americans think was going
to happen?
• What did Americans do for
prevention?
• What was the peak of fear?
Seeking Enemies Within
• Who was the Senator from the US who
hunted for communists?
• What was the fear of communism
called in the US?
• What was HUAC?
– How would this hurt people’s jobs?