Transcript CH 17, pp. 468 to 499

CH 17,
pp. 468 to 499
Foreign Policy and National Defense
Domestic affairs
• Events and politics within the country’s
borders.
– US recession and unemployment
– Rising gasoline prices
– GOP resistance to Obama administration policies
paralyzing government.
– GOP governors trying to take away public workers’
union rights.
– Most states dealing with excessive budget deficits.
Isolationism
• A purposeful refusal to become generally
involved in the affairs of the rest of the world.
– Prior to WWII the United States regularly
maintained this practice.
• What reasons would cause the United States
to end this practice?
– Spread of Communism
– Interconnectedness of the World
The State Department
• Headed by the Secretary of State.
– John Kerry
• Helps the president by giving advice on
foreign policy and affairs.
Foreign Affairs
• The nation’s relations with other nations.
– Obama administration’s support of popular revolts in West
Asia and North Africa
– The continuing war on terror: international cooperation
– The border wars in Mexico/drug trafficking
– Nuclear rogue nation: North Korea
– Nuclear power issues with Iran
– China’s manipulation of USD value to keep Chinese
products cheap.
– US military bases or offices in almost every nation of the
world.
Foreign policy
• The way the United States responds to
international issues.
– Stands
• Unwilling to negotiate with terrorist.
– Actions
• Diplomatic, military, commercial
• Changes with
– each president
– Congressional resolutions
• What foreign policy issue are President
Obama and the President of Iran trying to
work on?
• Who did Congress invite to visit Congress?
• How does this hurt the talks between the
United States and Iran?
• What are the democrats planning to do?
• How did President Obama respond to this
invitation?
Right of legation
• the right to send and receive diplomatic
representatives to a foreign nation.
• Ambassador
– An official representative of the United States
appointed by the President to represent the
nation in matters of diplomacy.
– 180 Ambassador in nations around the world.
Diplomatic immunity
• ambassadors and consuls are usually
exempt from the laws of the foreign
country they are in.
• Embassy/consul staff as well.
– Arrest
– Law suit
– Taxation.
– Official communications, papers, properties
are protected
Defense Department
• Secretary of Defense heads this department
– Chuck Hagel
• Chief Aide in advising the president on carry out defense
policies.
• The five members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff serve as military
advisor to the Secretary of Defense and the President.
• With in the department of defense there are three sub
departments
– Department of the Army (6/14/1775)
– Department of the Navy (10/13/1775)
– Department of the Air Force (1947)
Espionage
• Spying. Collecting information from a foreign
nation through covert (secret) activities..
• Central Intelligence Agency performs this
function.
• Also performs activities such as
– Assassinating key foreigners
– Assisting revolutions against targeted foreign
leaders.
Terrorism
• The use of violence to intimidate a
government or society usually for political or
ideological reasons.
– Justification for the war in Afghanistan.
– One of the major threats to the United States
today.
Selective Service System
• Draft
– compulsory military service.
• Aka conscription
• Last draft existed from 1940 to 1973
• Males 18 and over still required to register
p 472
• Who advises the president on military
matters?
• The Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of
the Joint Chiefs of Staff
p 473
• In what ways has the army become more
diverse?
• The numbers of female and minority soldiers
have increased.
p 474
•
•
According to this cartoon, what was it like to
be a combat soldier?
Exhausting, miserable, and fraught with
danger.
p 475
• Do you think women should fly combat
missions in wartime? Explain your answer.
• Both men and women are capable of piloting
airplanes.
p 479
• Should the United States continue to fund the
exploration of outer space? Why or Why not?
Quick Write
• Is it still necessary for all American men to
register for the draft at the age of 18? Explain
your answer.
Deterrence
• US policy of keeping its military so strong and
prepared that no country will dare attack it.
• Started by Harry Truman after WWII.
– Point was to discourage/contain
Soviet/Communist gains in the world.
Collective security
• many nations joining together to keep
international peace and order.
– United Nations (UN)
– North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Cold War
• Period of 40+ years where the relationship
between the United States and The Soviet
Union was tense.
– Military Build-up
– Threats
– Proxy wars
• Vietnam
• Afghanistan
Containment
• US policy aimed at preventing the expansion
of Communism during the Cold War.
– Berlin Blockade
– Cuban Crisis
– Korean War
– Vietnam War
– Nuclear Arms Race
Détente
• Policy that Nixon embarked on that relaxed
the tensions between the United States,
Soviet Union, and China.
– Began diplomatic relations with China
– Began SALT talks in Russia.
• SALT- Strategic Arms Limitations Talks
• This period of détente ended with the Soviet
Invasion of Afghanistan in 1979.
Foreign aid
• economic and military assistance to other countries.
• Began with Lend-Lease Act prior to WW II.
• Continued to be a useful policy to prevent the spread
of communism during the Cold War.
– Largest act was the European Recovery Act (The Marshall
Plan)
• Today done through the Agency for International
Development (AID)
– Also through the Department of Defense.
• In 2012, the United States spent $48.2 billion in
foreign aide to nations around the world.
Types of Foreign Aid
• What are the two types of foreign aid?
• Economic aid (4)
–
–
–
–
Food
Supplies
Programs
Subsidies
• Military aid (3)
– Weapons
– Advisors
– training
Regional security alliance
• international military cooperation in a particular part
of the world
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
NATO (Europe)
Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (Americas)
ANZUS Pact (Oceania)
Philippines Pact (Philippines)
Korean Pact (South Korea)
Taiwan Pact (Taiwan)
Japanese Pact (Japan)
UN Security Council
• part of the United Nations with the power to protect
international peace:
– Sanctions
– Military intervention
• Five permanent members
–
–
–
–
–
US
Russia
Britain
China
France
• 10 non-permanent members
– Selected every two years from general membership of nations.
• Powers of the United Nations Security Council.
– May adopt measures to resolve international
conflicts
– Including military sanctions
• Limits on the security council
– The veto power of any one permanent member
can kill a resolution.
p 483
• Do you think the cartoonist favors this policy
or not? Explain your answer.
• No, TR is shown as big and domineering, and
he views all of the people from other nations
as the same.
p 485
• Do you agree with Dr. Kissinger’s observation?
Why or why not?
p 487
• Why was it so easy for the Soviets to block
supplies to West Berlin? Why do you think
the United States made such a huge effort to
break the blockade?
– Because the city was surrounded by Soviet
controlled East Germany.
– As part of its policy of containment, the U.S.
wanted to keep communism from spreading to
the rest of Europe.
p 492
• From which part of the world did the newest
members come?
• Eastern Europe
p 497
• What activity gets the largest proportion of
UNICEF funding?
• Early Childhood Development
EC: How many countries spend as much on
their militaries as the US annually? Name them.
• Answer:
• None
• In fact, the next 12 militarily strong nations
still do not equal the annual military spending
of the United States.
Quick Write
• Why would the government want to spend so
much money on foreign aide around the
world?