Transcript Govt 2302 Ch 19x

 THIS MAY NOT BE
REDISTRIBUTED AND IS FOR
STUDENT/INDIVIDUAL USE TO
PREPARE FOR 2302 EXAM II.
 Please see correction slide for
WW II.
Foreign Defense and Policy
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Isolationism
Active in world affairs
Unilateral
Multilateral
Moralistically – in the belief that the U.S. is
“morally superior”
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The Constitution divides the powers in
foreign policy just as it divides powers
throughout our system of government
THE PRESIDENT
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head of state,
appointing and
receiving ambassadors,
signing treaties and
representing the U.S.
abroad.
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commander-in-chief
and wages the war
CONGRESS
appropriates funds for
the military
 declares war
 Congress (the Senate)
approves treaties with
two-thirds vote
 Senate must confirm
foreign policy and
military officials as well
as ambassadors
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Undeclared Naval War with France (1790s)
Wars against Northern African Barbary States
(1801-15)
 The War of 1812 against Great Britain
 Spanish American War (1898)
 Philippine Revolt against American Rule (1899)
 1903 Military Assistance to Panama
 Continued Military Intervention in Latin America
 World War I (1914-18)
 World War II (1941-45)
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United Nations Created (1945)
International Monetary Fund and the World
Bank (1944)
The Cold War: 1946–early 1990s
Before WWII
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17.5 percent of the
budget and 1.7 percent
of GDP.
Between 1947 and 1987
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averaged 39.9 percent
of the budget and 7.7
percent of GDP
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Until 1949, the U.S. had a monopoly on
nuclear weapons. Then, the Soviet Union
exploded their bomb and the race was on.
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During the nuclear arms race, both sides were
motivated by the idea of deterrence and
MAD
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North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
(1949)
Korean War (1950-53)
Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)
Other Battles during the Cold War
Vietnam War, also in Laos and Cambodia
(1955-1975)
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Assist France
Promote democracy
Stop the spread of Communism
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The Soviet Union Invasion of Afghanistan
(1979)
The Collapse of the Soviet Union (1989)
The Persian Gulf War (1990)
Civil War in Somalia (1992-93)
Former Yugoslavia (1999)
Al-Qaeda terrorist Attacks, September 11,
2001
War in Afghanistan (2001)
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War in Iraq (2003)
1. Diplomacy
2. Military Power
3. Economic Power
4. Undercover/covert action
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Operation Odyssey Dawn in Libya (2011)
Arab Spring Protests (2010-present)
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_
military_deployments
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chief executive branch department
responsible for formulation/implementation
of U.S. foreign policy
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serves as a link between foreign governments
and U.S. policymakers
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U.S. consulates or embassies in about 160
countries
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chief executive branch department
responsible for formulation and
implementation of U.S. defense and military
policy
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military units and bases worldwide
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The Joint Chiefs of Staff in the DOD
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Newly created in 2002
tasked with detecting, preparing for,
preventing, protecting against, responding to
and recovering from terrorist attacks
merged 22 agencies and has over 180,000
employees
TSA, FEMA, Customs, Coast Guard, Secret
Service, Immigration
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advise and assist the President on national
security and foreign policies
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chaired by the President with regular
attendees such as the Vice President,
Secretary of State, Secretary of Defense, and
others
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term used to described different agencies
that are involved in the collection and
analysis of information, counterintelligence,
and covert action
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the head of the intelligence community:
Director of National Intelligence (DNI)
Congress
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Appropriations, hearings, required reporting,
appointments, confirming treaties
The Bureaucracy
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can ignore or delay implementation of policy
or leak information to Congress, the media,
or the people to raise issues on the agenda or
embarrass the president
Defense Industry Interest Groups and The
Military-Industrial Complex
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Military and associated industries have
substantial economic power and
technical expertise
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Many worry that these industries might
actually prefer war (or at least massive
readiness for war) to peace because
war/conflict improves their profit margins
The News Media
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investigate policies, expose
scandals and inefficiencies,
and affect public opinion.
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But most importantly, the
media can place an issue on
the public radar screen.
The Public
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Public concerns are always of importance to
anyone dependent upon election by the
public
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The U.S. gives low-interest loans, technical
assistance, food, weapons, and grants to
foreign countries on a regular basis.
Most U.S. assistance and grants come
through the U.S. Agency for International
Development (USAID).
Less than one-half of one-percent of federal
budget
Israel, Egypt, and Ukraine
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countries seek to have nuclear weapons
so they don’t have to depend on other
nations for help
also seek them for prestige and because
it makes the nation a key player in world
1. Disarmament
2. Arms Control
3. Denial
4. Defense
5. Counterproliferation