Transcript Relocation and Dislocation

Unit 2: Migration Part II
Chain Migration and Relocation
Catalysts of Migration
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Economic conditionspoverty and a desire for
opportunity.
Political conditionspersecution, expulsion, or
war.
Environmental conditionscrop failures, floods, drought,
environmentally induced
famine.
Culture and traditionthreatened by change.
Technology-easier and
cheaper transport or
change in livability.
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Kinship links-allows migrants to communicate
with family members
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Chain migration-migration of people to a
specific location because of relatives or
members of the same nationality already there.
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Step migration-short moves in stages-e.g.
Brazilian family moves from village to town and
then finally Sao Paulo or Rio de Janeiro
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Intervening opportunity-alternative destinations
that can be reached more quickly and easily
and offer benefits to the migrant
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Intervening obstacle-keeps migrant from
reaching their original destination
Where have people migrated?
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Europe to North America
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Southern Europe to South and Central America
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Britain/Ireland to Africa and Australia
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Africa to Americas (Slaves)
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India to East Africa, SE Asia and Caribbean
Economic
Opportunities
Islands of
Development –
Places within a
region or country
where foreign
investment, jobs,
and infrastructure
are concentrated,
usually centered
along the coast.
Economic
Opportunities
In late 1800s and
early 1900s,
Chinese migrated
throughout
Southeast Asia to
work in trade,
commerce, and
finance.
Reconnecting
Cultural Groups
•About 700,000 Jews
migrated to thenPalestine between 1900
and 1948.
•After 1948, when the
land was divided into
two states (Israel and
Palestine), 600,000
Palestinian Arabs fled or
were pushed out of
newly-designated Israeli
territories.
Internal Migration
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Migration that occurs within a country’s borders.
Examples/Reasons for internal vs.
international:
same language, familiar cultural
aspects, shorter distances traveled
INTERNAL MIGRATIONS
Two Types:
1.Intraregional
2.Interregional
http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2008/12/17/u-smigration-flows/
Intraregional Migration
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Intraregional migrations--people moving or being moved
within one geographic realm (region) of a country
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Current examples:
 Rural to urban:
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increases with development, ¾ of core countries population in urban areas
 Urban
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to suburban:
lifestyle changes (babies)
 Metropolitan
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to nonmetropolitan areas:
called counter-urbanization, increased technology allows people to work outside
of the city
Interregional Migrations
Interregional
Migration-people moving or being moved from
one geographic realm (region) to another within a country
From South
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Current USA examples:
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Movement North to South, and East to West
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Net migration (immigrants-emigrants) Figures as of 2010
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South-(+1,419,000)
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Northeast-(-915,000)
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Midwest-(-533,000)
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West-(+29,000)
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refugees/evacuees from the Gulf Coast region to other parts of the
United States
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Rural to urban areas to find work
Interregional Migrations
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Current World examples:
 To Brazil’s interior:
Brasilia
 to North in Italy, and
North to South in the UK
for Jobs
External Migration
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Movement across country borders
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Emigrant: one who migrates out of a country
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Also called International migration
Subtracts from total population
Immigrant: one who migrates into a country
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Adds to total population
Major Global Migration Flows
From 1500 to 1950
Global Migration Patterns
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From less-developed Stage 2 countries into more-developed
Stage 4 or Stage 5 countries
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3 largest migration flows
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Asia to Europe
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Asia to North America
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Latin America to North America
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Net In Migration: North America, Europe, Oceania (more people
moving in)
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Net Out Migration: Asia, Latin America, Africa
(more people moving out)
ie. Vietnamese Boat People-moving out of Communist Vietnam
US Immigration Patterns
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Three main waves
1. Colonial America: 1607-1840
1.
European settlement- 2
million, mostly British
2.
African slaves – 800, 000
Immigration to the United States, 1820 to
2001
US Immigration Patterns
2. 19th century (1840-1910)
3 European Peaks
1.
1840s and 1850s:
-Northern and Western Europe (Ireland,
Germany)
2.
1880s:
-Northern and Western Europe (Ireland,
Germany, Norway, Sweden)
3.
1900-1910:
-Southern and Eastern Europe [Italy,
Russia, Austria-Hungary (Bosnia-Herzegovina,
Croatia, Czech Republic, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Ukraine)
]
Immigration to the United States, 1820 to
2001
US Immigration Patterns
3. Second-half of 20th century (1950-2008)
Less developed regions
1.
Latin America: Mexico,
Dominican Republic, El
Salvador
2.
Asia: China, Philippines, India,
Vietnam
Immigration to the United States, 1820 to
2001
Immigration Policies
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USA Quota Laws
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Quota Act of 1921 and Origins Act of 1924: 2% of
1910 population
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Immigration Act of 1965
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1968: Hemisphere quotas
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1978: Global Quotas
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Currently: Global Quota of 620, 000 with no more than
7% from each country
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Major Exceptions: family reunification, employment,
talented, refugees
Immigration Policies
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Brain Drain: large-scale emigration by talented
people out of the periphery
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Guest Workers: newly developed areas taking
advantage of cheap “slave” labor
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Countries with high Brain Drains: Jamaica, Mexico,
China, Iran, Greece, India, Kenya, Nigeria, Ethiopia75%, Haiti-85%
Example: 85% of population of Dubai, UAE is guest
workers from
Time-Contract workers: South and East Asian
workers to Southeast Asia. American workers to
lesser developed areas.
“True” Population Growth
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To accurately calculate a country’s population
growth, we must include immigrants to see the
impact they have on given states…
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Balancing Equation
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(Births + Immigration) – (Deaths + Emigration)
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This is more representative of what goes on in a
country in regards to demographics. The above
equation is much more accurate in depicting
population issues than the Natural Increase Rate.
Why?
The Future of Immigration
in America
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SEE WHO’S COMING TO AMERICA
European Migration
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Complete European Migration Patterns (Lab)