Transcript WORLD WAR II 1939

WORLD WAR II
1939 - 1945
PEARL
HARBOUR
America Enters The War
THE SITUATION IN THE PACIFIC
 As the war was raging in Europe, Japan was
still aggressively expanding its empire in Asia
and the Pacific (what they called the “Greater
Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere”)
 In reality, this “co-
prosperity” for all the
people of Asia was really
prosperity for Japan only
 Japan intended to take its
place as “Asia’s leading
race” and they ruthlessly
pursued that goal
GRABBING SUPPLIES TO MEET DEMAND
Japan is a nation with a
small amount of land;
they lacked resources
(like oil, steel, coal)
Japan was in a lengthy
war with China, and
needed these resources
for its war machine
The Japanese decided to
attack Southeast Asia and
islands in the Pacific to
get those supplies
AMERICAN TERRITORIES IN ASIA
Japan’s goal was
to take Asian
territories that
were controlled by
Europeans
Japan wanted the
French-controlled
Indochina, Britishcontrolled
Singapore, and
the Dutch East
Indies
The United States had control
of the Philippines, Guam, and
other Pacific islands; Japan
wanted control of them, too
TRYING TO STOP JAPAN
President Roosevelt saw that
Japan threatened U.S. territories
Trying to stop Japanese advances,
FDR cut off oil shipments to Japan
FDR said that the U.S. would
not sell oil or steel to Japan
until they stopped attacking
China and the rest of Asia
Oil is the lifeblood of a war
machine; without it, Japan could
not continue its conquests
TOJO MAKES HIS VIEW CLEAR
“If we yield to
America’s
demands, it will
destroy the
fruits of the
China incident.”
General Hideki Tojo
October 14, 1941
BACKING JAPAN INTO A CORNER
With only 18 months’ worth
of oil left, Japan had to decide
what to do
To give in to the U.S. would
mean the end of conquest and
humiliation for Japan
Japan recognised that the U.S.
was the only force in the
Pacific that could stop them
Given a choice of giving in to the U.S. or fighting the
U.S., Japan plotted a war with the Americans
THE U.S. PREPARES TO DEFEND AGAINST
JAPANESE ATTACK… BUT FROM WHERE?
The U.S. knew an attack from
Pearl Harbour
Japan was likely, but they thought was the U.S.
the Japanese would go after Guam Navy’s main base
or the Philippines
in the Pacific
The U.S. military did They were wrong: Japan wanted to
not think Japan
destroy the U.S. Navy with one
would be able to pull massive attack, so Pearl Harbour
off an attack there WAS the target
If it came to war with Japan, the U.S. wanted them to
make the first aggressive move, but they never put
Pearl Harbour on alert, expecting attack elsewhere
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 7th, 1941
JAPAN MAKES ITS MOVE
WHAT HAPPENED ON
DECEMBER 7th, 1941?
Coming from an unexpected
direction in the north, Japanese
carriers sent 200 Japanese
planes to attack the navy base
at Pearl Harbour in Hawaii
The U.S. had most of its Pacific
fleet stationed there: over 75
ships and over 400 planes
ADMIRAL NAGUMO,
COMMANDER OF THE PEARL
HARBOUR ATTACK
At 8AM, the Japanese planes
swarmed into Pearl Harbour
PREPARING FOR ATTACK
A Japanese torpedo plane takes off from the aircraft
carrier Shokaku, en route to attack Pearl Harbor
THE TARGET
An especially important target for the Japanese was
“Battleship Row”, where the several of the most
powerful U.S. battleships were parked together
THE TARGET
THE PLAN OF ATTACK
The plan was to approach from an unexpected direction
(north) in more than one wave. The waves of attacking planes
would move in an hour or so apart from each other.
APPROACHING PEARL HARBOR
The view from the cockpit of a Japanese plane as
the first wave makes its way to Pearl Harbour
7:55AM SUNDAY, DECEMBER 7th, 1941
THE ATTACK IS IMMINENT
A painting that depicts the first wave of Japanese fighters,
bombers, and torpedo planes as they home in on Pearl Harbour
THE ATTACK BEGINS
The view from one of the Japanese bombers as the attack begins on
Pearl Harbour. At the bottom of the picture is Battleship Row.
THE ATTACK BEGINS
By attacking on a
Sunday morning, the
Japanese wanted to
catch the Americans
relaxed and off-guard
The Japanese sent two waves of
planes an hour apart from each
other to bomb the Americans
When the Japanese
Zeroes flew in to Pearl
Harbour, the American
sailors were completely
unprepared
The U.S. ships were
anchored close to each
other and the planes were
parked wingtip-to-wingtip
They were easy targets
for the Japanese bomber
and torpedo planes
By 10AM, the attack on
Pearl Harbour was
over
The first wave did
terrible damage to the
airfields, planes, and a
half-dozen ships
The second wave
went after ships that
were undamaged by
the first wave
DEATH OF A FLEET
ASSAULT ON BATTLESHIP ROW
ASSAULT ON BATTLESHIP ROW
ASSAULT ON BATTLESHIP ROW
THE AIRFIELDS ARE HIT
THE AFTERMATH
PEARL HARBOR IN RUINS
BURNING BATTLESHIPS
THE DAMAGE DONE
23 American
ships were
damaged and
about 200
aircraft were
destroyed.
However, only
2 ships were
total losses
HUMAN COST
2500
2000
ARMY
NAVY
MARINES
CIVILIANS
1500
1000
500
0
KILLED
WOUNDED
KILLED
WOUNDED
ARMY:
218
364
NAVY:
2008
710
MARINES:
CIVILIANS:
109
69
68
35
In the attack
on Pearl
Harbour, a
total of 2403
people were
killed and a
total of 1178
people were
wounded
THE NEXT DAY’S
HEADLINES
“A DATE WHICH WILL LIVE IN INFAMY”
President Roosevelt made a
speech before Congress,
asking them to approve the
declaration of war on Japan
With only one dissenting
vote, Congress approved war
FDR SIGNS THE DECLARATION
OF WAR AGAINST JAPAN
After years of isolation
and neutrality, the United
States was now in the
middle of World War II