Transcript 3/12 Cold War JFK

Kennedy
The New Frontier & The Great Society
Please sit where you like.
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Standards
• I can describe federal programs designed to improve the lives
of Americans during the 1960s.
• I can describe developing trends in science and technology
and explain how they impacted the lives of Americans during
the 1960s.
• I can describe the changing relations between the United
States and the Soviet Union during the 1960s.
• I can describe U.S. foreign policy issues during the 1960s.
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Learning Targets
• USH.7.3 Identify and explain the significance of federal
programs, policies and legal rulings designed to improve the
lives of Americans during the 1960s.
• USH.7.4 Describe developing trends in science and technology
and explain how they impacted the lives of Americans during
the period 1960-1980.
• USH.7.8 Explain and analyze changing relations between the
United States and the Soviet Union from 1960 to 1980.
• USH.7.10 Explain and analyze U.S. foreign policy issues during
the 1960s and 1970s.
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Opener
• The Great Race
– Left Side: Soviet Union
Right Side: United States
– Round 1: Be the first side to create a paper airplane that
can reach the back wall from the front of the podium.
– Round 2: Be the first side to create a paper airplane that
can carry a binder clip (or 2) to the back wall from the
front of the podium.
– Similarities/Differences: Cold War v. Simulation
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The Space Race
Which event of the 1950s is most
likely the inspiration for this
cartoon?
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Space Race
• 1957--Soviets Launch Sputnik
(artificial satellite)
– 1957 Soviets 1st Intercontinental
Ballistic Missile (ICBM)
– 1959—U.S. Launches its 1st ICBM
– 1959—Soviets put unmanned craft on
moon
• 1961—Yuri Gagarin 1st cosmonaut to
orbit Earth
– 1962—John Glenn 1st American to orbit
Earth
• What’s Kennedy’s fear?
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“If You Believe They Put A Man on
the Moon”
• Kennedy launches Apollo
Program (May 25, 1961)
(3:46)
– Race for the Moon (Sept.
12, 1962)
(2:03)
• Increased emphasis on
math & science in
schools
• Saturn V Launch
• Apollo 11: July 20, 1969
(2:08)
(1:10)
– U.S. Lands on moon
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JFK Administration (1960-1963)
The Cold War “Heats” UP
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Election of 1960
• Issues:
– Cold War
– Religion
– Civil Rights
• “Missile Gap”
• Kennedy/Nixon Debate
(8:06)
• What impact did TV
play in the election?
• “ask not” Kennedy
Inaugural Address
(1961)
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Kennedy Foreign Policy
• Flexible Response
– Prepare to fight both
conventional wars and
conflict against
guerilla forces
– Heavy support for
Special Forces/Green
Berets
– Peace Corps
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Bay of Pigs
• 1959: Fidel Castro
overthrows U.S.
supported dictator,
Fugencio Batista
• Castro estbl. close
ties with USSR
– Castro/Khrushchev
• What’s Kennedy’s
Fear?
– Communism only 90
miles from U.S.
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Bay of Pigs
• Eisenhower Admin.
– La Brigada:
• CIA trained Cuban Exiles
• Invade Cuba; cause rebellion
• April 17-19, 1961
– Complete Disaster
• Impact on the U.S.?
– Weakens Kennedy’s image
internationally
• Castro’s Response?
– Forms even closer ties with Soviets…
– Why might U.S. have feared this?
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Bay of Pigs
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Cold War Heats Up in Germany
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Checkpoint Charlie
• What do you observe in the photo? (This should be
things or words, not what you think is happening)
• What is the mood of the photograph?
• Where might this photo have been taken? When?
What evidence supports this?
• Who might the parties in the photo be?
• What do you think might have led to the event
captured in the photo?
• What emotions may have been felt by people looking
at this photo in 1961 that you may not feel now?
Why?
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Checkpoint Charlie
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Berlin Wall (1961)
• Khrushchev: Trying to stop
E. Germans fleeing to W.
Berlin
– Demands U.S. w/draw forces
from W. Berlin
– 3.5 million flee E. Germ.
– Mass Brain Drain
– E. Germ. Econ. on verge of
collapse
• Why were people fleeing?
• Result: Berlin Wall
• Significance?
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Berlin Wall (1961)
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Cuban Missile Crisis (Oct. 15-28, 1962)
• US Spy Planes Spot Soviet
Missiles in Cuba
– Oct. 15, 1962
• What might have caused this?
– Bay of Pigs
– Operation Mongoose (CIA
intervention)
– U.S. Missiles: Turkey/Italy
– Previously, Soviet missiles could
only hit Europe
• Try to deter U.S. attack on USSR
– Khrush. views Kennedy as weak
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Cuban Missile Crisis
• What’s Kennedy’s Fear?
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What Would You Do?
• Working with 2 or 3 other people, take the role of
JFK and his EX-COMM advisors:
• How would you respond to the placement of missiles
in Cuba? Why? What issues might this cause? Must
be able to support your position and anticipate
consequences.
– No Action
– Diplomacy: Use diplomatic pressure to get Soviets to remove
missiles
– Warning: Send a message to Castro warning him that he and
Cuba are in grave danger
– Blockade: Use U.S. Navy to block missiles arriving in Cuba
– Air Strike: Use the U.S. Air Force to attack all known missile sites
– Invasion: Full force invasion of Cuba & overthrow Castro
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Cuban Missile Crisis: On the Brink
of Nuclear Destruction
• EX-COMM (advises
Kennedy)
• Kennedy Announces Naval
Quarantine
• Vows “Significant”
Response If Missile
Launched from Cuba
• Kennedy Demands
Removal of Missiles
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Cuban Missile Crisis
WORLD ON THE BRINK OF NUCLEAR DESTRUCTION
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Consequences of Cuban Missile Crisis
• Closest world has come to nuclear war
• U.S. promises not to invade Cuba; remove U.S.
Missiles from Turkey
• Soviets remove missiles from Cuba
• Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
• Khrushchev falls out of favor in Soviet Union
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Brief Overview: Kennedy Domestic Policy
• Space Race
• New Frontier:
– Increase aid to education, health insurance for the elderly
(Medicare), urban development/low-income housing
• Women’s Rights: Equal Pay Act
• Aid for the Disabled
– Special Olympics
• Civil Rights Movement
– What role did JFK play? RFK? LBJ?
• Increases U.S. involvement in Vietnam (FP)
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Kennedy Assassination
• Nov. 22, 1963 President
Kennedy Assassinated
– Dallas, TX
• Lyndon Johnson sworn
in as President
• Nation in Mourning
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Homework and Review
• Please read Chapter 17, Sections 1 & 2
• Review your & my notes
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