Transcript Immigrationx - PurpleHistoryWiki

Immigration and the Growth of Cities
They’re Coming to America!
Where are we going to put
them all?
Packing Up!
What would YOU take?
Isle of Hope, Isle of Tears
America by Neil Diamond
America by Neil Diamond
Who?
What?
America by Neil Diamond
When?
Where?
America by Neil Diamond
Why?
How?
5 Ws and an H
Let's learn more about Annie Moore,
the first immigrant to enter Ellis Island
Isle of Hope, Isle of Tears
Push or Pull?
1 For hundreds of years, people have moved to America from
many other countries. More than 25 million immigrants
came to America from 1865 to 1915.
2 Before 1880, most immigrants came to America from Great
Britain, Germany, and other countries in northern Europe.
Some people came to America for freedom of religion.
Others came to escape an oppressive, or cruel,
government; they did not like the laws of their country.
Many people came because they were poor and were
hoping for better opportunities; they thought they could
find jobs and earn more money in America. Some
immigrants came in search of adventure.
Why did immigration increase
after the Civil War?
Reasons for increased immigration:
• better ______________
• ____________ freedom
• escape _____________ governments
• in search of __________________
Why did immigration increase
after the Civil War?
Reasons for increased immigration:
• better opportunities (jobs, housing)
• religious freedom
• escape oppressive governments
• in search of adventure
World Map, 1900
Growing Pains!
3 As more and more immigrants moved to the United States,
the population dramatically increased. Cities grew and
prospered from the arrival of new immigrants and from
Americans moving from rural (country) to urban (city) areas
looking for job opportunities. Before the Civil War, most of
the important cities in the United States were located on
the banks of rivers or on harbors near oceans. In the late
1800s, however, cities began to develop inland near natural
resources needed for industry. Thousands of miles of
railroad track made it possible to connect resources,
products, and customers all across the country. Many of
these new cities grew up around specialized industries. For
example, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania became a center for
steel production, while Chicago was known for its meatpacking industry.
What led to the growth of cities
after the Civil War?
Growth of Cities
• specialized industries
– Pittsburgh - _________________
– Chicago - _________________
• _______________ from other countries
• movement of Americans from _____________
areas to ____________ areas for jobs
What led to the growth of cities
after the Civil War?
Growth of Cities
• specialized industries
– Pittsburgh - steel
– Chicago - meatpacking
• Immigrants from other countries
• movement of Americans from rural areas to
urban areas for jobs
Growing Pains
4
Most of the new immigrants settled in cities. As the
immigrants entered the country, many of them flocked to
the new industrial cities in search of jobs. Most workers
could not afford to live very far from their jobs; therefore,
they tended to live among people from their own country
in immigrant neighborhoods called ghettos. They felt more
comfortable among people with whom they shared a
common language and familiar customs. Many new
immigrants lived with relatives, crowded together in poorly
built apartment buildings called tenements. As the cities
grew quickly, these ghettos became crowded. When one
person became ill, disease spread quickly.
What challenges did cities face
due to the rapid growth?
City challenges
• overcrowded apartment buildings or
__________________
• overcrowded immigrant neighborhoods or
__________________
What challenges did cities face
due to the rapid growth?
City challenges
• overcrowded apartment buildings or
tenements
• overcrowded immigrant neighborhoods or
ghettos
Urban Life
Progressives and Bosses
to the Rescue!?!
5 A Progressive was a person who worked to overcome social
problems and improve the lives of those who were less
fortunate. Jane Addams was a Progressive who helped people
in a neighborhood of immigrants in Chicago, Illinois. In 1889,
she bought a large old house called Hull House. There she
started a settlement house, a community center where
people could learn new skills. Hull House helped the people of
the neighborhood in many ways. Hull House workers started a
kindergarten to take care of small children while their
mothers were at work. Immigrants learned to speak English at
Hull House. Addams helped them become better American
citizens. By the early 1900s, nearly 100 settlement houses
had been erected, or built in cities across the country.
Progressives and Bosses
to the Rescue!?!
6 Another source of help for some immigrants was the corrupt,
or dishonest, political machines that controlled the
government in many of America’s major cities. Each political
machine was run by a “boss” who could get things done.
Political bosses were often elected officials who controlled the
city governments with many dishonest employees who could
provide services that the official city governments could not.
Some of these political machines gained power by attending
to the needs of the new immigrants. They helped the
immigrants get jobs and find good housing in exchange for
their votes in elections. Even though some immigrants
benefited from this, it was still a dishonest way of winning
votes.
Who helped the new immigrants
adjust to life in the U.S.?
Solving immigrant problems
• __________________ houses such as Hull
House started by _________ __________
• __________ _________ gained power by
supplying the needs of the new immigrants
(e.g., jobs, housing, food, etc.)
Who helped the new immigrants
adjust to life in the U.S.?
Solving immigrant problems
• Settlement houses such as Hull House started
by Jane Addams
• Political machines gained power by supplying
the needs of the new immigrants (e.g., jobs,
housing, food, etc.)
Progressives and Bosses
to the Rescue!?!
7 Political machines proved to be a challenge for
developing cities. As they grew in power and
influence, corruption increased.
Political
machines often protected criminal organizations,
such as those involved in gambling, from the
police.
They
also
demanded
financial
contributions from local businesses. Businesses
that did not agree to the payments would soon
find their city services, such as trash collection,
cut as well as higher tax bills in their mailboxes.
What challenge did cities face
thanks to the political machines?
City challenge
• Political _____________ or dishonesty by
political machines
What challenge did cities face
thanks to the political machines?
City challenge
• Political corruption or dishonesty by
political machines
Boss Tweed
Growing Conflicts between
Cultures
8 As America grew, more and more cultures were represented
among its citizens. Millions of people from all over the world
were now living and interacting in cities, towns, and rural
areas from coast to coast. With this cultural diversity came
conflict.
9 Many people born in the United States reacted unkindly to the
immigrants. As more and more immigrants flooded the cities
of America, some Americans began to worry that new
immigrants, who were willing to work for lower wages, would
take their jobs. Before long, some groups of immigrants, like
the Chinese and the Irish, experienced discrimination.
Discrimination is the unfair treatment of people based on
their race or culture.
Growing Conflicts between
Cultures
10 In the Western United States, many people born in America
wanted Chinese immigrants to return to their own country.
They were afraid that the Chinese would take all of the
available jobs. As a result, in the mining industry Chinese
workers were made to pay a tax to pan for gold and some
were even beaten and driven out of the goldfields. In
addition, state laws were passed in California that stopped
Chinese immigrants from getting government jobs and forced
them to pay higher taxes. Finally, in 1882 Congress passed a
law which stopped the Chinese from immigrating to the
United States. The Chinese Exclusion Act in kept out all new
Chinese workers for ten years.
Growing Conflicts between
Cultures
11 The Irish also experienced discrimination in America. Many
Americans feared that the growing number of Irish
immigrants entering the Northeastern states would put them
out of work or cause their wages to decrease. In addition,
they also believed that their taxes would increase because of
the need for additional police protection, schools, and
sanitation services. Before long, job posters and newspaper
advertisements included the words “No Irish Need Apply!”
Even hotels and restaurants were soon refusing to serve Irish
patrons.
Which two immigrant groups faced
great discrimination and even
violence?
Discrimination against immigrant groups
• __________________
• __________________
Which two immigrant groups faced
great discrimination and even
violence?
Discrimination against immigrant groups
• Chinese
• Irish
Conclusion
12 Millions of immigrants crowded onto ships between
1840 and 1920 to make the voyage to a golden land.
Many probably spent most, if not all, of their money to
buy tickets to America. When they arrived they might
not have known where to live, where to find a job, or
how to speak English; however, they still came with
dreams of better lives. These millions of immigrants
who came to this land of opportunity during this
period in history helped build America into the
superpower it is today.
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So Far from Home