Transcript Unit 3 - Canton Local Schools

Unit 1
Topic: Industrialization and Progressivism (1877-1920)
Ignited by post-Civil War demand and fueled by
technological advancements, large-scale industrialization
began in the United States during the late 1800s.
Growing industries enticed foreign immigration, fostered
urbanization, gave rise to the American labor movement
and developed the infrastructure that facilitated the
settling of the West. A period of progressive reform
emerged in response to political corruption and practices
of big business.
Chapter 5: Progressives
Content Statement: The Progressive era was an effort
to address the ills of American society stemming from
industrial capitalism, urbanization and political
corruption.
Expectations for Learning: Analyze and evaluate the
success of progressive reforms during the late 19th and
early 20th centuries in addressing problems associated
with industrial capitalism, urbanization and political
corruption.
Section 1: Prelude to
Progressivism
Content Elaboration: Industrial capitalism, urbanization,
and political corruption contributed to many of the
problems in American society in the late 19th and early 20th
centuries. Organized movements, such as the Farmers’
Alliances and the Populist Party, were reactions to the
effects of industrialization and created a reform agenda
which contributed to the rise of Progressivism. Journalists,
called muckrakers, exposed political corruption, corporate
and industrial practices, social injustice and life in urban
America.
What is reform?
• A: Reform means to make changes for the
better
• During the IR, Many people believed there
were corrupt things going on. Those who
tried to change these evils were known as
reformers.
• Reformers usually joined either the Populist
Party or the Progressive Party.
Farmers
• Farm Unions—Grangers, Farmers Alliance and
the POPULIST PARTY (a farming reform
group)
– Gov run the RR’s
– Help to increase farm prices (prices low due to
overproduction)
– Low interest loans
At meeting halls, like this one near
Murphysboro, Grange members gathered to
plan improvements for the agriculture industry
Muckrakers
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A. Journalists
1. Named by Teddy Roosevelt
2. Told stories of corruption in order to get reform
3. Sometimes they made up stories of corruption
in order to sell more newspapers
4. Everybody read their stories
Example: Lincoln Steffens
“Tweed Days in St. Louis”
a. misgovernment in the city
Shame of the Cities
He was a feared writer
• 2. Ida Tarbell
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* She bashed John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil
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a. it ruined her father’s business
• 3. Upton Sinclair--most famous muckraker
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1. Wrote The Jungle
2. Exposed the Meat Packing Industry
• These writers got their message to everybody. Millions
bought newspapers and magazines to read the
muckrakers’ stories. This led to even more REFORM!!!!
The Jungle by Upton Sinclair
OGT Multiple Choice
• ______ (Practice Test Booklet, 2005)
In the late 19th century, farmers in the
United States responded to the
changing economy in which of the
following political movements?
• A. Civil Rights
• B. Abolitionist
• C. Populist
• D. Progressive
OGT Multiple Choice
• _____ (Blue Book, 2005) The Populist
Party program
• A. was so impractical that none of it was
ever enacted
• B. wanted to prohibit government
intervention in the economy
• C. Favored laissez-faire policies to help
corporations
• D. favored government regulation of
railroads
Section 2: Progressives Dealing
With the Problems of Industrial
Capitalism
Content Elaboration: Progressives introduced reforms to
address the ills associated with industrial capitalism. Their
efforts led to anti-trust suits (e.g., Northern Securities
Company), anti-trust legislation (Clayton Antitrust Act),
railroad regulation (Hepburn Act) and consumer protection
legislation (e.g., Pure Food and Drug Act, Meat Inspection
Act). The Federal Reserve Act was passed to control the
nation’s money supply and regulate the banking system.
Conservation reforms included the creation of the U.S.
Forest Service, the National Park Service and the passage
of the Newlands Act.
The Progressive Movement
• The Progressive Movement was an urban,
middle-class reaction to social and economic
dislocations fostered by the growth of the
United States as an industrial power.
Progressive Reformers
• 1. fight business corruption
• 2. fight monopolies
– a. New laws would regulate big business
• 3. better living conditions
• 4. strengthen political system
– a. Voters will have more say in selecting candidates
• 5. Many people involved in progressive
movement
Reforms Legislation
• A. Meat Inspection Act--gov. had right to inspect meat
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1. The Jungle by Upton Sinclair
• B. Pure Food and Drug Act
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1. manufacture and sale of impure foods, drugs, and liquors was
forbidden
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• C. Employers’ Liability Act
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1. provided accident insurance for railroad workers
• D. Strengthen Interstate Commerce Commission
1. They would regulated RR
• E. Newlands Reclamation Act
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1. Money from sales of land in west would go to build dams and
canals
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2. This allowed for dry areas to get water
Other Reforms
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a. child-labor laws
b. workmen’s compensation
c. insurance for sick, old, and disabled
d. minimum wages
e. By WWI, 26 states were “dry”
f. changed tax laws to heavily tax:
-the rich
-big businesses
-inheritance
Section 3: Progressives Dealing
With the Problems of Political
Corruption
Content Elaboration: Progressives fought political
corruption and introduced reforms to make the
political process more democratic (e.g., initiative,
referendum, recall, secret ballot, new types of
municipal government, civil service reform, primary
elections).
Other Progressive reforms included the 16th, 17th,
18th, and 19th amendments.
OGT Multiple Choice
• _____ (Blue Book, 2005) The Progressive
movement is best defined as
• A. an organized political party with a clear-cut set
of goals
• B. an urban, middle-class reaction to social and
economic dislocations fostered by the growth of
the United States as an industrial power
• C. pro business and antiunion
• D. made up mostly of minorities and labor union
members
Reforms
• A. Australian ballot
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1. Secret ballot
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2. Used to help stop political bosses
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B. Direct primary
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1. Mississippi and Wisconsin used it first (1902)
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2. Each party candidates voted by people
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C. Initiative
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1. the people can start a bill
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2. takes 5 to 8%
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D. Referendum
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1. a direct vote from the people to make a new
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law or change an old law
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E. Recall
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1. the people could replace an elected official
• Example: 2003 California used the recall to replace the
governor (Gray Davis) with Arnold Schwartzenegger.
Progressive Amendments
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16th Amendment:
17th Amendment:
18th Amendment:
19th Amendment:
Income Tax
Direct Election of Senators
Prohibition
Women’s suffrage
OGT Multiple Choice
• _____ (2005 Practice Test) Progressive
reformers after 1900 sought to regulate
working conditions and to set a minimum age
for child labor. The need for this legislation
was prompted by
• A. Civil War casualties leading to children
taking the jobs of others
• B. unions restricting membership to adult
workers
• C. industrialists using child labor to keep
production costs down
• D. lack of job opportunities for children
seeking after-school jobs
OGT Multiple Choice
• _____ (2005 Practice Test) How did the
U.S. Constitution change as a result of
the ratification of the 19th Amendment?
• A. The right of suffrage was extended
to women.
• B. Freedom of assembly was restricted
• C. The power of government
decreased
• D. Freedom of the press was
strengthened