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Nationalism, Unification, and Reform CHAPTER 10, LESSON 3 Bellringer Objective Students will understand what led to the unification of Italy and Germany after the revolution of 1848. Review The revolutions of 1848 failed in both Germany and Italy. These revolutions were caused by Nationalism. However, by 1871, both Germany and Italy would be unified. Open book to page 186. Read the breakdown of the Concert of Europe. List the two nations primarily involved in the Crimean War; list other nations involved. Questions A) The effect of the _______ War was to destroy the Concert of Europe; Austria and ______ became enemies. B) King Victor _______ II, Camillo di Cavour, and Giuseppe ________ helped Italy achieve unification. C) Count Otto von ________ used _______ , politics based on practical matters, to help achieve German unification. D) With Prussia’s militaristic and ________ values triumphant, William I became ________ of the strongest power in Europe. The Crimean War Question **Question: How did the Crimean War mark the end of the Concert of Europe? **Answer: Austria and Russia, which had previously worked to maintain the status quo in Europe, were now enemies. Italian and German Unification Unification: the act, process, or result of making into a coherent or coordinated whole; the state of being unified. Militarism: reliance on military strength. Realpolitik: the "politics of reality," or politics based on practical matters rather than on theory or ethics. Complete the Chart (p. 187 – 188) Garibaldi Otto von Bismarck Question How did the Prussians help the Germans achieve unification after the Frankfurt Assembly? Answer: Prussia defeated Austria, organized the Northern German Confederation, and agreed to protect the southern German states in return for their support. After Prussia defeated France in the Franco-Prussian War, France gave up the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine to Germany. In 1871, William I of Prussia was declared kaiser of the Second German Empire. Prediction Authoritarian and militaristic values of Prussia helped shape the new German state. Predict how these values might have affected subsequent German leadership and actions. Bio Otto von Bismarck Objective Students will understand the political climates of Great Britain, France, Austria, Russia, and the United States in the 1800s. Class Exercise Group 1 and 6: Name four reasons why Great Britain avoided revolutions in the 1800s; Group 2 and 7: Explain the changes that occurred in France after 1848; Group 3 and 8: Explain the changes that occurred in Austria after 1848 and the Compromise of 1867; Group 4 and 9: Explain the changes that occurred in Russia after 1848. Group 5 and 10: Explain the two issues that divided Americans in the 1800s. Changes in Great Britain After 1848 Why didn’t the revolutions in Europe affect Great Britain? • Gave vote to industrial middle class (increased the number of male voters) • Made social and political reforms • Enjoyed continued economic growth and prosperity (middle-class wages increased) • Developed strong sense of nationalism (Queen Victoria reflected this) Changes in France After 1848 • Restoration of monarchy (Second Empire) under Napoleon III • Brief period of prosperity • Construction of roads, railroads, harbors, and canals • Rebuilding of Paris • Fall of Second Empire in 1870, do to France’s defeat in the Franco-Prussian War. Changes in Austria and Russia After 1848 Austria: • Austria was defeated by Prussia in 1866. • **Compromise of 1867 created dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary; both Austria and Hungary have their own exclusive governments, but are united by a king and common army Russia: • Alexander II attempted reforms. • ** Serfs were freed in 1861, but became impoverished. • Impatient reformers assassinated Alexander II. United States in 1800s **Federalists v. Republicans: Federalists wanted a strong national government, where as the Republicans wanted the federal government to be subordinate to the states. Thus, people were divided on the division of power. **Civil War: the South was determined to maintain the cotton economy and plantation-based slavery. Civil war broke out, leading to the emancipation (the act of setting free) of the slaves. Vocab Abolitionism: a movement to end slavery Questions A. Social and political reforms undertaken by the British _________ and Great Britain’s continued __________ growth helped the British avoid revolutionary upheavals. B. Under _____________ , the authoritarian French government limited _______________ , but distracted the public by expanding the _____________ . C. After opposition arose in the 1860s, Napoleon III began to ___________ his regime. D. The _____________ Empire, a multinational empire, was defeated by __________ in 1866. E. The _____________ of 1867 created the dual monarchy of Austria-____________ . F. After defeat in the Crimean War, Russian czar __________ decided to make several reforms, such as issuing an _____________ edict that freed the serfs. Questions A. In the United States, __________________ , who favored a strong central government, fought with __________________ , who wanted state governments to have more power. B. In the Civil War, which ended in _____________ , the North favored ____________ , a movement to end slavery. Summary Crimean War Civil War Slave