Transcript The cold war in Europe

Chapter 38: The
BiPolar World
AP World History – Kimberly Zerbst
What we are learning today…
 Vietnamese independence
– Ho Chi Minh
 Cold War Alliances
 Proxy Wars (Latin America, Africa, Asia)
 End of the USSR
 Anti-nuclear movement
 Cuban Missile Crisis
E. & W. are split
THE COLD WAR IN EUROPE
Iron Curtain Speech
“From Stettin in the
Baltic to Trieste in the
Adriatic, an Iron
Curtain has
descended across
the continent."
 Winston Churchill
1946
 Fulton Missouri
 Statement clearly
describing what
was happening in
Europe
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvax5
VUvjWQ
Berlin Airlift
 Blockade of Berlin
began on June 24, ’48
 From June 1948 to
May 1949, U.S. and
British planes airlift
1.5 million tons of
supplies to the
residents of West
Berlin.
 After 200,000
flights, the Soviet
Union lifts the
blockade.
Operation Vittles
 All of the necessities for the city's 2.5 million
residents -- an estimated 4,500 tons of food, coal
and other materials each day -- had to enter the
city by air.
 On its biggest day, the "Easter parade" of April
16, 1949, the airlift sent 1,398 flights into Berlin
-- one every minute.
 Before it was all over, more than 278,000 flights
would carry 2.3 million tons of relief supplies.
NATO/Warsaw Pact
Truman Doctrine:
Using your edited version of the speech, highlight
direct quotes to provide evidence for the following
statements
 American policy
following World War
II was concerned with
the middle east
becoming communist.
 The United States was
creating a way for
countries to choose
democracy over
communism.
 Totalitarianism
threatens peace and
security for the US.
 Poverty breeds
communism
 The United States is a
superpower and has a
responsibility to the
people of the world to
help them be free.
Marshall Plan
 Sec. of State General
George Marshall
 $13 Billion in aid
 Offered to all
European countries
 New Deal for Europe
Checking for Understanding #1
Describe the policy of
containment, including the
Truman Doctrine, the Marshall
Plan, and NATO as America’s
response to Soviet expansionist
policies.
 Complete on a separate piece of paper – you will
turn this in.
Space Race
 1957 – Sputnik
 1961 – Yuri Gagarin
 1969 – Moon landing
Detente
 Analyze this political
cartoon – what is the
artist describing?
 Nuclear NonProliferation treaty
(1968-69)
 SALT (1972)
War in Afghanistan (1979 – 1989)
 Hot Spot
1980 - Solidarity
 On August 14, Lech Walesa led massive
strikes at the Lenin shipyards in Gdansk,
Poland.
 The strikes soon spread to other cities
and formed the nucleus of the Solidarity
movement.
 The communist government conceded to
worker demands on August 31, and
recognized their right to form unions and
strike.
1983 - Star Wars
 March 23, Reagan outlinrd his Strategic
Defense Initiative, or "Star Wars," a
space-based defensive shield that would
use lasers and other advanced technology
to destroy attacking missiles far above
the Earth's surface.
 Soviets accuse the U.S of violating the
1972 Antiballistic Missile Treaty.
 Soviets forced to spend heavily to match
the program causing near economic
collapse.
1985 - Gorbachev
comes to power
 On March 11, Mikhail Gorbachev came to
power in the Soviet Union.
 Gorbachev ushered in an era of reform.
– perestroika
• Economic reform- restructuring
– glasnost
– means openness, allowed greater free
expression and criticism of Soviet policies
1989 - Berlin Wall falls
 Gorbachev renounced the Brezhnev
Doctrine, which pledged to use Soviet
force to protect its interests in Eastern
Europe.
 On September 10, Hungary opened its
border with Austria, allowing East
Germans to flee to the West.
 After massive public demonstrations in
East Germany and Eastern Europe, the
Berlin Wall fell on November 9.
Fall of Berlin Wall
Militarism: cold war hot spot
United States








Made a stronger military
Increased weapon strength
Built nuclear weapons
Developed a hydrogen
bomb
Increased math & science
education
Started NASA
Launched a satellite
Landed on the moon in
1969
Russia
 Made a stronger military
 Increased weapon
strength
 Built nuclear weapons
 Developed a hydrogen
bomb
 Launched a satellite
 Increased math &
science education
Checking for Understanding #2
 From the end of World War II to the
1980’s provide evidence identifying the
changes and continuities in US-Soviet
relations
– Example:
• 1945 – Soviet & US soldiers hold parties
celebrating the end of the war
• 1948 – Soviet troops cut of all roads leading to
Berlin
THE COLD WAR IN ASIA
Korea
 The Japanese were
driven out of Korea
after WWII
 The North became
communist
 The South became
democratic
Korean War, 1950-1953
 The U.S., led by President
Truman and the United
Nations sent troops to
support South Korea
 The USSR gave money and
weapons to North Korea
Korea: Cold War Hot Spot
 N. & S. Korea
fought to a
stalemate
 Korea was divided
at the 38th parallel
 38th parallel made
into a demilitarized
zone
Thich Quang Duc
 June 11, 1963
 What was Duc
protesting?
 Why do you think he
chose this method of
protest?
 How did Duc’s
protest change
France’s ability to
lead?
Vietnam (19541975: Cold War
Hot Spot
 The French wanted
their colony of
Vietnam back
 Ho Chi Minh
fought back for the
Vietnamese
Domino Theory
 If one country falls
to communism all
the surrounding
countries will
become
communist.
Dien Bien Phu
 After a long siege,
Vietnamese communists
under Ho Chi Minh defeat
French colonial forces at
Dien Bien Phu on May 7.
 In July, the Geneva
Accords divide the
country at the 17th
parallel, creating a North
and South Vietnam.
 The United States
assumes the chief
responsibility of providing
anti-communist aid to
South Vietnam.
South Vietnam
 General Ngo Dinh
Diem led the South
– Terrible corruption
– Supported by the US
• Support increased
every year through the
1950’s and 1960’s
• Americans sent
weapons, advisors, and
eventually soldiers
1968 - Tet Offensive
 Viet Cong guerrillas
and North Vietnamese
Army troops launched
attacks across South
Vietnam on January
30, the start of the
lunar new year Tet.
 In March, Johnson
orders a halt to the
U.S. bombing of
North Vietnam and
offers peace talks.
1969 - Vietnamization
 1968, Richard Nixon elected President,
defeating Hubert Humphrey
 On June 8, 1969 U.S. President Nixon
announced his "Vietnamization" plan,
designed to withdraw U.S ground forces
from Vietnam and turn control of the war
over to South Vietnamese forces.
1973 - Vietnam War
agreement (Paris Accords)
 January 27, 1973, the United States,
South Vietnam, North Vietnam and the
Viet Cong sign the Paris Peace Treaty,
establishing a cease-fire.
 The United States is allowed to continue
providing aid to South Vietnam.
 Saigon falls to the
communists in April 1975
1975 - Cambodia
“The Killing Fields”
 Communist Khmer Rouge take power in
Cambodia, April 16 1975.
 Cambodia's educated and urban population
forced into the countryside as part of a
state experiment in agrarian communism.
 Under the regime of Pol Pot, as many as 3
million Cambodians died from 1975 to
1979.
Tiananmen Square (1989)
 Student led protest
Checking for Understanding #3
Explain how cold war responses
were different in Europe and
Asia?
Identify a primary source
document that could help us
understand why those responses
were different.
THE COLD WAR IN THE
AMERICAS
Dictators & Exploitation
 Juan Peron –
Argentina (1946-1955,
1973/74)
 Augusto Pinochet – Chile
(1973-1980’s)
 Institutional Revolutionary
Party – PRI 1950’s – 1980’s
Nicaraguan Revolution
 Sandanistas
 Contras
 Iran-Contra affair
– Col. Ollie North
Cuban Missile Crisis: Cold War
Hot Spot
 1962 An American
spy plane discovered
Soviet nuclear
missiles being
assembled in Cuba
That’s really close!
 President Kennedy
decided to blockade
Cuba and negotiate
with the USSR
 Nuclear war was
avoided
THE COLD WAR IN AFRICA
Africa
Nationalists in Africa began to demand
independence from European rule
Problems for Independent
Africa
 Dictatorship
– Idi Amin (Uganda
1971-1979)
 Corruption
 Failure to
modernize/diversify
 Pawns
 Rapid population
growth/food shortages
 HIV/AIDS pandemic
 Cultural/linguistic
disunity
 Ethnic conflict
 Militarism
 Treatment of women
Checking for Understanding #4
 Define/explain the following in your own
words:
– Détente
– Domino theory
– Perestroika
– Glastnost
– Marshall Plan
– Truman Doctrine
– Cold war
Did you get it?
 Vietnamese independence
– Ho Chi Minh
 Cold War Alliances
 Proxy Wars (Latin America, Africa, Asia)
 End of the USSR
 Anti-nuclear movement
 Cuban Missile Crisis