Transcript Imperialism Learning Packet 2013-2014

Imperialism Unit Day One
Western powers competed in many
areas of the World.
Imperialists Divide Africa
1. Note three motives
behind the European
race for colonies.
• Economic competition
for markets and raw
materials.
• National pride and
racism.
• Missionaries’ desire to
Christianize and
“civilize” nonEuropean peoples.
Imperialists Divide Africa
2. Note two
technological
advantages Europeans
had over the Africans.
• Superior weapons,
railroads, cables, and
steamships.
• Quinine to protect
themselves from
malaria.
Imperialists Divide Africa
3. Note two internal
factors that made
Africa vulnerable
to European
conquest
• Africans’ great
diversity of
languages and
cultures (Ethnic
rivalries).
• Lower level of
technology and
weapons.
Imperialists Divide Africa
4. Note two outcomes of the
Berlin Conference in
1884 and 1885.
• Agreement among 14
European nations about
how to divide Africa
among European
countries.
• Arbitrary distribution of
African ethnic and
linguistic groups among
European nations (notable
transformation for most
African cultures)
Imperialists Divide Africa
5. Name three groups that
clashed over territory and
resources in South Africa.
• Zulus
• Boers (Dutch)
• British
Imperialists Divide Africa
6. Note one outcome of
the Boer War.
• Creation of selfgoverning Union of
South Africa
controlled by the
British.
Today’s Assignment: European
Imperialism in Africa
STOP
Imperialism Test:
Tuesday, February 11th
Imperialism Unit Day Two
Forms of Imperialism shaped
behaviors in foreign lands.
Forms of Imperialism
Form
Definition
Example
Colony
A country or a
Somaliland in
territory
East Africa was
governed
a French colony.
intentionally by
a foreign power.
Forms of Imperialism
Form
Definition
Example
Protectorate
A country or
territory with its
own internal
government but
under the
control of an
outside power.
Britain
established a
protectorate
over the Niger
River delta.
Forms of Imperialism
Form
Definition
Example
Sphere of
Influence
An area in
which an outside
power claims
exclusive
investment or
trading
privilages.
Liberia was
under the sphere
of influence of
the United
States.
Forms of Imperialism
Form
Definition
Example
Economic
Imperialism
An independent
but lessdeveloped
country
controlled by
private business
interests rather
than other
governments.
The Dole Fruit
company
controlled
pineapple trade
in Hawaii.
Imperial Management Methods
Indirect Control
Direct Control
•Local government
officials used
•Limited self-rule
•Goal: to develop future
leaders
•Government institutions
are based on European
styles but may have local
rules.
•Foreign officials brought
in to rule.
•No self-rule.
•Goal: assimilation
•Government institutions
are based on European
styles.
Imperial Management Methods
Indirect Control
Direct Control
Examples:
•British colonies such as
Nigeria, India, and
Burma.
•U.S. colonies on Pacific
Islands.
Examples:
•French colonies such as
Somaliland, Vietnam.
•German colonies such as
German East Africa.
•Portugeese colonies such
as Angola.
STOP
Imperialism Test:
February 11th (next Tuesday)
Imperialism Learning Packet
Day Three
Africa was transformed by Imperialist
nations of Europe
Causes of Imperialism
Nationalism
To gain power,
European nations
compete for colonies
and trade.
Economic
Competition
Demand for raw materials
and new markets spurs a
search for colonies.
Missionary Spirit
Europeans believe they
must spread their
Christian teachings to
the world.
Europeans exerted
influence over the
economic, political, and
social lives of the people
they colonized
Effects of Imperialism
Colonization
Europeans control land
and people in areas of
Africa, Asia, and Latin
America.
Mercantilism
Europeans exerted
influence over the
economic, political, and
social lives of the people
they colonized
Europeans control trade
in the colonies and set
up dependent cash-crop
economies.
Christianized
Christianity is spread to
Africa, India, and Asia.
Patterns of Change
1. How did the British
control Nigeria and
other British
colonies?
• Indirectly by
allowing existing
political rulers to
govern under British
authority and local
officials to manage
daily affairs.
Patterns of Change
2. What method of
management did the
French use with their
colonies?
• Direct control through
policies of paternalism
and assimilation.
Patterns of Change
3. How did Algeria’s resistance
to French rule differ from the
East Africans’ resistance to
German rule?
• Algeria used active resistance,
whereas East Africans used a
spiritual defense that included
the belief that magic water
sprinkled on their bodies
would ward off European
bullets.
Patterns of Change
4. Why was Ethiopia
able to successfully
resist European rule?
• Emperor Menelik II
took advantage of
rivalries among
Italians, French, and
British to build an
arsenal. He later
declared war and
defeated the Italians at
the Battle of Adowa.
Patterns of Change
5. How did Africans benefit from
colonial rule?
• Colonialism reduced local
warfare; in some colonies it
improved education,
sanitation, transportation, and
communication for the
Africans. In addition, African
products came to be valued on
the international market.
Patterns of Change
6. What were the negative
consequences of colonial
rule for the African
continent?
• Death from European
diseases to which Africans
had previously not been
exposed and from active
resistance to European rule,
loss of property, famine,
breakdown in traditional way
of life, artificial political
divisions that would lead to
ethnic and civil wars.
Today’s Assignment: European Imperialism
in Africa Worksheet due tomorrow.
STOP
Imperialism Test: Tuesday
Imperialism Learning Packet
Day Four
Similarities and Differences
in Imperialism in Africa and
India
• British
colony
•Indirect
Rule first,
then Direct
Rule (p.2)
•Use of
passive
resistance,
civil
disobedience,
and nonviolence
(Gandhi)
•Fueled by market forces (raw
materials, more customers) of the
Industrial Revolution
•Economic exploitation (labor and
resources) by colonial rulers.
•Borders created by colonial rulers
disregarded cultural and ethnic
diversity
•Imperialism glorified by colonial
rulers
•Independence demanded
by natives
• British,
French,
Spanish,
Portugeese,
Belgian,
German, and
Italian
colonies.
•Direct and
Indirect Rule
(last Friday)
Today’s Assignment: Complete Tweets
as Gandhi on your Twitter Page.
STOP
Imperialism Test: Tuesday
Imperialism Learning Packet
Day Five
Western Powers ruled
Southeast Asia
British Imperialism in India
Cause:
1. Led by Robert Clive,
company troops
defeated Indian forces
at the Battle of Plassey
after Muhghal rule had
become weak.
Effect:
• East India Company
gains control of India.
British Imperialism in India
Cause:
2. British establish a railroad
network in India.
Effects:
• Railroads transported raw
products from the interior
to the ports.
• British make more profits
in India.
• Modern economy develops
in India.
British Imperialism in India
Cause:
3. British restricted Indian
owned industries such as
cotton textiles and
reduced food production
in favor of cash crops.
Effects
• Villagers are no longer
self sufficient.
• Food production declines
• Famine sets in.
British Imperialism in India
Cause:
4. The Sepoy Mutiny occurs
and uprisings spread over
much of northern India
Effects:
• British government
assumes direct control of
India.
• Racism and mutual
distrust are intensified.
British Imperialism in India
Cause:
5. Calls by reformers
for India to
modernize,
nationalist feelings,
resentment over
British discriminatory
policies.
Effects:
• Indians form the
Indian National
Congress.
• Call for selfgovernment (homerule)
British Imperialism in India
Cause:
6. British partition
Bengal into Hindu and
Muslim sections.
Effect:
• Acts of terrorism
forced British to
divide the province
which stopped much
of the violence in
India.
STOP
Imperialism Test: Tuesday
Imperialism Learning Packet
Day Six
Western Powers ruled
Southeast Asia
Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia
1. Dutch East India
Company
• Lands Claimed:
Malacca, Java,
Sumatra, Borneo,
Celebes, Moluccas,
Bali, Indonesia
• Major Products: Oil,
Tin, Rubber
• Impact of
Colonialization:
Creation of a rigid
social class structure.
Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia
2. British
• Lands Claimed: Malay
Peninsula, Burma
• Immigration Policy:
Encouraged Chinese to
immigrate to Malaysia.
• Impact of
Colonialization: Racial
conflict between Malay
minority and Chinese
majority, economic
growth, and
modernization.
Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia
3. French
• Lands claimed: Vietnam,
Laos, Cambodia
• Method of management:
Direct colonial
management
• Impact of Colonization:
Decline of local
industries, less food for
peasants.
Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia
4. Americans
• Lands claimed: Guam,
Philippine Islands, Puerto
Rico, Hawaii
• Method of management:
Some preparation for
colonial self-rule.
• Impact of Colonialization:
Economic exploitation,
modernization, U.S.
business interests are
expanded around the world.
Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia
5. Japan (non-western
power)
• Lands claimed: Korea,
Taiwan, South Sakhalin
• Method of management:
Annexed areas (like
Korea) provided raw
materials for Japan.
• Impact of Colonization:
Japan becomes the most
powerful nation in Asia.
STOP
Imperialism Test: Tuesday!
Imperialism Learning Packet
Day Seven
U.S. Economic Imperialism in
Latin America
U.S. Economic Imperialism in
Latin America
1. In what ways did
landowners “enslave”
peasant workers?
• Landowners forced
workers into debt by
paying low wages.
• Prices were high, so
workers were always
in debt.
U.S. Economic Imperialism in
Latin America
2. How was land
distributed colonial
times?
• Unevenly, with land
ownership restricted
by a wealthy few.
U.S. Economic Imperialism in
Latin America
3. What political problems
did independent nations
face as a result of
European colonial rule?
• People had little or no
experience with
democracy and were
used to political power
being restricted to a few.
• Rule by dictators often
resulted.
U.S. Economic Imperialism in
Latin America
4. How did advances in
technology affect
Latin American trade?
• Increased Latin
American exports but
kept Latin America
dependent on
importing
manufactured goods.
U.S. Economic Imperialism in
Latin America
5. How did foreign
countries gain control
of Latin American
industries?
• Foreign leaders took
over Latin American
industries in payment
for unpaid loans with
high interest rates.
U.S. Economic Imperialism in
Latin America
6. Why did Latin American
nations remain poor and
unindustrialized after they
gained independence?
• Latin American nations
focused mainly on their
exports
• They had no reason to
industrialize as they
imported manufactured
goods from Europe and
North America.
U.S. Economic Imperialism in
Latin America
7. Why did President
Monroe issue the
Monroe Doctrine?
• To protect the
independence of Latin
American nations and
the security of the
United States.
U.S. Economic Imperialism in
Latin America
8. How did the SpanishAmerican War make the
United States the
dominant imperial power
in Latin America?
• The U.S. gained the rest
of Spain’s colonial
empire.
• Monroe Doctrine
prevented powerful
European nations from
building empires in the
Americas.
U.S. Economic Imperialism in
Latin America- page 15
9. How did the United States expand its
influence in Latin America in the
early 1900s?
• Commanding the armed forces,
President T. Roosevelt, helped
Panama in its revolt for independence.
• Building the Panama Canal
• Setting up a military government in
Cuba.
• Investing in Latin American
countries.
STOP
Imperialism Test: Tuesday