Transcript Rise of the World Po..

Foreign Policy

 What is foreign policy?
 For what reasons did the United States acquire
territories such as Florida, Louisiana and Texas?
 Did these territories have political, social or
economic reasons to be acquired? What were they?
 Why would the United States want to acquire lands
outside the borders of the continental United States?
Spanish-American War

 1890 – Spain’s empire was Cuba, the Philippines,
Puerto Rico, and some smaller islands
 Most Cubans were poor peasants and laborers
 US raised tariff on foreign sugar
 Cuban exiles returned home and declared Cuba
independent from Spain
 Spain went to crush the rebellion
Spanish-American War

 Spain’s treatment of the Cubans led to concerns in
the US
 Yellow journalism helped fueled concerns by over
sensationalizing what was happening in Cuba
 Americans wanted to protect their investments in
Cuba
Spanish-American War

 1898 – De Lome letter
 Spanish ambassador called President McKinley
“weak”
 Shortly afterwards, USS Maine sent to Cuba to
protect Americans
 Sunk by an explosion that killed 258 US sailors an
injured many others
 Cause remains unknown but newspapers blamed the
Spanish
Spanish-American War

 US angry, and Spain promised to halt fighting but
not give Cubans independence
 War fought on 2 fronts – Pacific and Caribbean
 US went to Philippines to help Filipinos rebels
against Spain
 Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders defeat
the Spanish in San Juan Hill in Cuba
 Within four months, Spain was defeated
 US was in occupation of Philippines, Cuba, Puerto
Rico, and Guam
Spanish-American War

 The Spanish-American
War became a turning
point for the US
 In your table groups, use
your textbook and
devices to research the
causes and effects of the
Spanish-American War
 You will have 20 minutes.
Spanish-American War –
Pre-AP

 Think about European imperialism from last year in
world history
 Write a one page comparison between why the US
started its imperialistic pursuits and why Europe
started its own and how both were similar and
different in their approaches.
Spanish-American War

 What events prompted Americans to become vocal about U.S.
involvement in Cuba?
 (The De Lome letter called McKinley weak which angered
Americans. The U.S.S. Maine was sent to Cuba to protect
American lives and property, but was sunk. Yellow journalism
sensationalized the news about Cuba which caused Americans
to become concerned about investments and trade in Cuba.)

Would the actions of the U.S. be considered isolationist? Why
or why not?
 (The U.S. involvement in the Spanish American war are not
considered isolationist in that the U.S. became directly
involved in the affairs of a European country, Spain, by
engaging in conflict.)
American Imperialism

 After the Spanish-American War, the
US started to take colonies like
Europe.
 Look at the Imperialism Quotes. Read
the quotes and summarize the
arguments for and against
imperialism on Geography of
American Expansionism
 Draw a map of America’s colonial
empire below. Use callout boxes to
explain reasons for and against
keeping the colonies of Philippines,
Guam, Puerto Rico, Hawaii, Samoa,
and Midway. Do the best you can.
You are not graded on artistic merit.
 You will have 30 minutes.
American Imperialism

 What are the advantages of keeping the colonies?
 U.S. influence spreads through the Pacific; new
markets open for American industry; U.S. more able to
spread democracy across the world; America can
protect trade with naval stations around the world,
etc.
 What are the disadvantages to keeping the colonies?
 colonies revolt against American control; violates
American principles of self-government and popular
sovereignty, etc.
Power Position Cards

 For each person, event, or policy on the list, answer
the question: “How did this event, person, or policy
move the United States into a position of world
power?”
 Draw a small picture underneath it
World War I

 In your table groups, get out one piece of paper
 The first person will have 1 minute to write
everything they know about World War I
 Pass it right, and you will have 30 seconds to add to
it
 Pass it right, and you will have 30 seconds to add to
it
 Pass it right, and you will have 30 seconds to add to
it
World War I

 What were the underlying causes of WWI?
 Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, and Alliance
System
 What was the spark that caused WWI?
 Assassination of Arch Duke Franz Ferdinand, 1914
 Who fought in it?
 The Allies and the Central Powers
 Allies: France, Great Britain
 Central: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire
World War I

 What kind of warfare was it?
 Trench warfare
 Two Fronts – Western Front (France) and Eastern
Front (Russia)
 Where was the US?
 We were attempting to follow the traditional
American policy of neutrality
 Wilson promised during re-election to stay out of the
war
World War I

 So why did the US become involved?
 Closer ties to the Allies
 German actions and Allied propaganda
 Zimmerman Telegram
 Secret message from the German Foreign minister to
Mexico promising to return US territories to Mexico if
Mexico would help Germany fight the US
 Freedom of the Seas
WWI
 Freedom of the Seas?

 Germany started a policy of unrestricted submarine warfare
 The British blockade stopped arms and foods from being
shipped to Germany and the US became the Allies main
supplier.
 The Lusitania was a British passenger ship sank by the
Germans. It killed more than 1,000 passengers, including 128
Americans
 Americans were obviously angry
 Sussex Pledge
 French ship that provided ferry service on the English channel
that was sank by a German submarine killing 50 passengers
 Wilson threatened to cut off relations and Germany promised to
stop sinking ocean liners without prior warning
World War I

 Freedom of the Seas?
 Near starvation, Germany announced that would
sink all ships in the blockaded areas – unrestricted
submarine warfare
 Violated the idea of “freedom of the seas” – the right
of neutral nations (like the US) to ship non-military
goods to nations at war
 German submarines attacked American merchant
vessels and Wilson asked Congress to declare war on
Germany
World War I

 With a partner, you will work to give a summary of
each event from World War I
 You will give a date for the event
 If it was a cause of WWI, put why
 If it was a reason for the US to enter the war, put
why
 You will have the whole class period
World War I

 In small groups, you will travel to each placard to
consider how each discovery or innovation changed
the course of war or of history.
 As you travel to each placard, answer the questions
on the recording sheet
World War I – Pre-AP

 Using the events from the previous activity, create an
annotated timeline of the events
Major Events of WWI

 The American Expeditionary Force (AEF) under the
command of John J. Pershing were sent to Europe
to fight after war was declared.
 Pershing was a veteran of several conflicts (including
San Juan Hill) and insisted American soldiers be
properly trained before being sent to fight
 Few American troops sent to Europe before 1918
Major Events of WWI

 Battle of Argonne Forest
 One of the greatest battles in 1918 in France near the
Belgian border
 Battle lasted one and half months and thought to have
helped lead directly to armistice
World War I

 You are going to be given articles and readings based
on the major events of World War I
 For each section, your group will write a summary of
what it was about and how the US contributed to
WWI
US Involvement in WWI

 In your table groups, analyze the four primary sources
given and answer each of the questions.
 On the back, answer the following questions:
 What evidence supports remaining neutral?
 What evidence supports an American desire to become a
world power?
 Do you think President Wilson incorporated the wishes
of the American people into the Fourteen Points?
 What would have changed the outcome of World War I?
WWI Outcomes

 Economic
 U.S. market expands and finds more resources.
 Wartime production fuels the economy.
 Increased industrialization, increased exports,
increased agricultural production.
 Scientific discoveries and innovations in medical,
military, and agriculture make national more
competitive militarily and economically.
WWI Outcomes

 Political
 U.S. attempts to facilitate a national organization to
maintain the world order through the League of
Nations.
 Congress rules that the U.S. mail could not be used for
sending treasonous material.
 Espionage Act
 Selective Service Act
WWI Outcomes

 Social
 Americans accept more government control over
certain aspects of daily life to support the war effort.
(Select Service, Espionage Act, food regulation,
industrial production, etc.)
WWI Outcomes

 Geographic
 Treaty of Versailles established new political
boundaries in Europe.
 U.S. placed naval stations in Hawaii to protect world
trade.
 Guam, Philippines, Puerto Rico become U.S
territories.
 Panama Canal zone is built and managed.
EPGS Charts

 Using what we just discussed, complete EPGS chart
for the outcomes of WWI.
Assignment

 Create a political cartoon supporting a point of view
on Wilson’s 14 points and the Treaty of Versailles.