Transcript Opening Japan to Trade

1853-1915
Aim: to identify why the United States
needs to expand.
Do now: What is Manifest Destiny and
why would it apply overseas?
Aim: to identify why the United States
needs to expand.
Do now: Why would the United States
look to expand overseas?
Opening Japan to Trade
 U.S. merchants wanted to trade
with Japan
 For 250 years, Japan blocked
outside trade and foreigners
from entering the country
 1853, Mathew Perry sailed into
Tokyo Bay with warships
 Presented Japanese with a
letter requesting trading rights
Opening Japan to Trade
 The Japanese were awed by the
powerful American Ships and
guns.
 1854, Perry returns to America
with a treaty opening Japan for
trade.
 Japan recognizes their
weakness, vows to transform
into industrial nation.
Aim: to explore expansion in the Pacific.
Do now: How did the United States open
trade with Japan in 1853?
Rivalry for Samoa
 The U.S. wanted to set up
coaling stations on island
chains in the Pacific.
 1889, Germany, Britain
and the U.S. send
warships to Samoa.
 A typhoon destroys most
warships, 10 years later,
Germany and the U.S.
divide up Samoa.
Interest in Hawaii
 U.S. Wanted Hawaii
because its distance
between America and Asia.
 Would serve as a military
and commercial outpost
 1893, 50 U.S. marines
successfully overthrew
Queen Liliuokalani.
 1898, annexed Hawaii,
becomes a U.S. territory
Spreading American
Values
 Many Americans believed
“Anglo-Saxon” race was
superior
 Americans had a divine
duty to spread Christian
Values and western
beliefs around the world
 It was the “White Mans
Burden”
Aim: to identify the goal of the U.S.
Open Door Policy.
Do now: How did the United States
acquire Hawaii?
Carving up China
 Late 1800’s, China is weak
 European powers and Japan
forced trading rights
 Divided China into Spheres
of Influence
Sphere of Influence= an area
of a country in which another
nation has gained trading
privileges solely for itself
Open Door Policy
 Americans felt they would be excluded from Chinese trade.
 U.S. called on the nations to keep an “Open Door” in China
Boxer Rebellion
 1900, secret society know as the
“Boxers” rebelled against foreign
nations.
 Attacked and killed westerners
and Chinese Christians
 Burned churches and trapped
foreigners
 Outside powers, including the
U.S., sent in troops and crushed
the rebellion
Aim: to identify the causes of the
Spanish-American War
Do now: What is the difference between
a Sphere of Influence and an Open
Door Policy?
Spanish-American War
 Cuba, 90 miles off the
coast of Florida
 Under Spanish rule since
Columbus in 1492
 Late 1800’s, Cuba tired of
Spain's harsh rule.
Rebellion in Cuba
 Cubans rebel in 1895
 Spain began
Reconcentration policy =
forced movement of
people, in large numbers,
to detention camps for
military or political
reasons.
Remember the Maine
 U.S. battleship, the Maine,
sent to Havana Harbor to
protect Americans.
 Explosion sinks the Maine,
killing 260 men
 America goes to war with
Spain
Aim: to identify the effects of the
Spanish-American War
Do now: What were the causes of the
Spanish-American War?
An American Empire
 December 1898 Spain
and U.S. signed a peace
treaty
 Spain accepted Cuban
independence
 Granted Puerto Rico,
The Philippines, Guam
and Wake to U.S.
 U.S. pays Spain $20
million
Debating the Treaty
 Many Americans
believed we were
violating American
beliefs and this could
lead to future wars.
 Expansionists believed it
provided good business
opportunities and
allowed for the spread of
democratic ideas.
Governing territories
 Puerto Ricans were made citizens of the U.S. in 1917
Governing territories
 Cuba became a protectorate= an independent country
whose policies are controlled by an outside power.
Governing territories
 Philippines revolted but 20,000 were killed. Gained
independence in 1946.
Aim: to explore how the U.S. intervenes
in Latin America
Do now: What were the effects of the
Spanish-American War
Linking the Oceans
 U.S. battleship took 2
months, 14,000 miles to
travel from San Francisco
to Cuba
 Shorter route was needed
 Isthmus of Panama was
ideal
Isthmus = a narrow strip of
land connecting two larger
areas of land
Linking the Oceans
 Columbia denied U.S.
request to build canal
 Roosevelt aided
Panamanians in revolt
against Columbia
 After Panama gains
independence, U.S. pays
them $10 million and 250k
a year for rent
Roosevelt
 Roosevelt believed that if
diplomacy failed, the U.S.
would not hesitate to use
force.
 Known as the “Big Stick”
Policy
 Issued the Roosevelt
Corollary = if U.S.
neighbors had a dispute
with a foreign nation, the
U.S. would get involved
Dollar Diplomacy
 Taft favored Dollar
Diplomacy a policy based
on the idea that economic
ties were the best way to
expand American
influence.