Transcript ush benchmark 1 review

1
• John Locke’s idea that people must give their
consent to be governed is the basis for the
right to
• Vote for a representative government
• Bear arms
• Support their government under any
circumstances
• Pledge loyalty to their monarch
• John Locke’s idea that people must give their
consent to be governed is the basis for the
right to
• Vote for a representative government
• Bear arms
• Support their government under any
circumstances
• Pledge loyalty to their monarch
2
• The ideas of “unalienable rights” and the
people’s right to “alter or abolish” a
government are most closely associated with
which Enlightenment thinker
• Voltaire
• Benjamin Franklin
• John Locke
• Jean Jacques Rousseau
• 1. The ideas of “unalienable rights” and the
people’s right to “alter or abolish” a
government are most closely associated with
which Enlightenment thinker
• Voltaire
• Benjamin Franklin
• John Locke
• Jean Jacques Rousseau
3
• In Thomas Jefferson’s view, people were best
governed by
• A king
• A system of laws
• A powerful President
• Their religious beliefs
• In Thomas Jefferson’s view, people were best
governed by
• A king
• A system of laws
• A powerful President
• Their religious beliefs
4
• What effect did the Enlightenment have on political
thought in the colonies
• Colonial leaders began extending voting rights to all
citizens
• The First Continental Congress determined a need for
a federal bill of rights
• Colonial leaders began advocating the adoption of a
state-supported church
• Colonists began to question the authority of the British
monarchy
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• What effect did the Enlightenment have on political
thought in the colonies
• Colonial leaders began extending voting rights to all
citizens
• The First Continental Congress determined a need for
a federal bill of rights
• Colonial leaders began advocating the adoption of a
state-supported church
• Colonists began to question the authority of the British
monarchy
•
• What effect did the Enlightenment have on political
thought in the colonies
• Colonial leaders began extending voting rights to all
citizens
• The First Continental Congress determined a need for
a federal bill of rights
• Colonial leaders began advocating the adoption of a
state-supported church
• Colonists began to question the authority of the British
monarchy
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5
• The Declaration of Independence elaborates
on the Enlightenment idea of:
• natural rights
• collective ownership
• religious freedom
• political equality
• The Declaration of Independence elaborates
on the Enlightenment idea of:
• natural rights
• collective ownership
• religious freedom
• political equality
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• The Bill of Rights was added to the US
Constitution to
• To protect personal liberties
• Make the Constitution flexible
• Make all citizens equal under the law
• The Bill of Rights was added to the US
Constitution to
• To protect personal liberties
• Make the Constitution flexible
• Make all citizens equal under the law
8
• The Constitution limits the power of the federal
government by
• Requiring the executive branch to include two
elected officials
• Allowing states to have the power to negotiate
foreign affairs
• Giving both large states and small states equal
representation
• Ensuring checks and balances for the three
branches of government
• The Constitution limits the power of the federal
government by
• Requiring the executive branch to include two
elected officials
• Allowing states to have the power to negotiate
foreign affairs
• Giving both large states and small states equal
representation
• Ensuring checks and balances for the three
branches of government
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Which laws are the supreme law of the land
State laws
Executive orders
Federal laws
The Constitution
• Key decisions of the Supreme Court under the
leadership of John Marshall solidified the
power of the court to
• a. try cases between states
• b. accept appeals from lower federal courts
• c. try cases involving foreign diplomats
• d. review the constitutionality of state and
federal laws
11
• Key decisions of the Supreme Court under the
leadership of John Marshall solidified the
power of the court to
• a. try cases between states
• b. accept appeals from lower federal courts
• c. try cases involving foreign diplomats
• d. review the constitutionality of state and
federal laws
• Key decisions of the Supreme Court under the
leadership of John Marshall solidified the
power of the court to
• a. try cases between states
• b. accept appeals from lower federal courts
• c. try cases involving foreign diplomats
• d. review the constitutionality of state and
federal laws
12
• Which statement describes an effect of the Civil
War?
• Southern industry rapidly caught up up to
industry in the North
• Industry in the South began to produce a surplus
of goods
• Industry in the North grew because of the
demands of the war
• Industry shifted to the West because of the
dangers of war
• Which statement describes an effect of the Civil
War?
• Southern industry rapidly caught up to industry
in the North
• Industry in the South began to produce a surplus
of goods
• Industry in the North grew because of the
demands of the war
• Industry shifted to the West because of the
dangers of war
12
• As a result of the Civil War, the Northern
economy
• Experienced little change
• Saw industrial profits fall
• Expanded and emerged more prosperous that
ever
• Suffered from shortages of unskilled labor
• As a result of the Civil War, the Northern
economy
• Experienced little change
• Saw industrial profits fall
• Expanded and emerged more prosperous that
ever
• Suffered from shortages of unskilled labor
14
• Which of the following was an effect of the
publication of Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
(1906)
• It aided the growth of federal social services
• It contributed to the development of
settlement houses
• It influenced the passage of the Meat
Inspection Act
• It led to the development of child labor laws
14
• Which of the following was an effect of the
publication of Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
(1906)
• It aided the growth of federal social services
• It contributed to the development of
settlement houses
• It influenced the passage of the Meat
Inspection Act
• It led to the development of child labor laws
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In the late 1800s, factories were generally
Dangerous and difficult places to work
Employing men almost exclusively
Paying a living wage and offering benefits
Staffed by fewer workers than the average
farm
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In the late 1800s, factories were generally
Dangerous and difficult places to work
Employing men almost exclusively
Paying a living wage and offering benefits
Staffed by fewer workers than the average
farm
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• Which factor most limited the growth of labor
unions during the late 1800s
• Many factory workers were satisfied with their
wages and working conditions
• Most employers were very hostile
• Workers preferred to negotiate with factory
owners as individuals rather than members of a
group
• The Federal Government declared that unions
were illegal
• Which factor most limited the growth of labor
unions during the late 1800s
• Many factory workers were satisfied with their
wages and working conditions
• Most employers were very hostile
• Workers preferred to negotiate with factory
owners as individuals rather than members of a
group
• The Federal Government declared that unions
were illegal
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• During the period from 1880 to 1920, the
majority of immigrants to the US settled mainly in
urban areas in the North mainly because
• Most immigrants had lived in cities in the native
countries
• Labor unions gave financial help to immigrants
willing to work in the factories
• Rapid industrialization had created many job
opportunities
• The Populist Party was successful in preventing
immigrants from buying farmland
• During the period from 1880 to 1920, the
majority of immigrants to the US settled mainly in
urban areas in the North mainly because
• Most immigrants had lived in cities in the native
countries
• Labor unions gave financial help to immigrants
willing to work in the factories
• Rapid industrialization had created many job
opportunities
• The Populist Party was successful in preventing
immigrants from buying farmland
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• Which best describes the Irish immigrants
who were persecuted in the cities during the
1800s
• Most refused to work in factories
• Most were wealthy
• Their religious background varied widely
• Most were Catholic
• Which best describes the Irish immigrants
who were persecuted in the cities during the
1800s
• Most refused to work in factories
• Most were wealthy
• Their religious background varied widely
• Most were Catholic
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• The Industrial Revolution encouraged more
Americans to settle in what region of the US
• In the Northeast and Midwest
• On the Great Plains
• On the East and West coasts
• on the Southeast and Southwest
• The Industrial Revolution encouraged more
Americans to settle in what region of the US
• In the Northeast and Midwest
• On the Great Plains
• On the East and West coasts
• on the Southeast and Southwest
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• In the late 19th century, anti-immigration feelings
developed in the US primarily because
• Immigrants competed with native-born
Americans for jobs
• Immigrants were seeking elective office in the
National Government
• The government’s social welfare programs for
immigrants were becoming too expensive
• Most immigrants were richer and better
educated than native-born citizens
• In the late 19th century, anti-immigration feelings
developed in the US primarily because
• Immigrants competed with native-born
Americans for jobs
• Immigrants were seeking elective office in the
National Government
• The government’s social welfare programs for
immigrants were becoming too expensive
• Most immigrants were richer and better
educated than native-born citizens
21
• “There are too many foreigners and
undesirables coming into the US. Let’s pull up
the ladder” This statement best illustrates the
concept of
• Reverse discrimination
• Populism
• Nativism
• Social mobility
• “There are too many foreigners and
undesirables coming into the US. Let’s pull up
the ladder” This statement best illustrates the
concept of
• Reverse discrimination
• Populism
• Nativism
• Social mobility
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• An experience of the majority of immigrants
to the US was that they
• Were rapidly assimilated into the predominant
lifestyle
• Joined radical political parties to bring about
economic reform
• Frequently met resentment
• Settled in rural areas where cheap land was
available
• An experience of the majority of immigrants
to the US was that they
• Were rapidly assimilated into the predominant
lifestyle
• Joined radical political parties to bring about
economic reform
• Frequently met resentment
• Settled in rural areas where cheap land was
available
23
• The Americanization movement of the early
twentieth century sought to
• Assimilate ethnic immigrant groups into the
dominant culture
• Restrict the military involvement of the United
States in foreign conflicts
• Diminish the role of the government in the
regulation of industry
• Protect domestic businesses from foreign
competition
• The Americanization movement of the early
twentieth century sought to
• Assimilate ethnic immigrant groups into the
dominant culture
• Restrict the military involvement of the United
States in foreign conflicts
• Diminish the role of the government in the
regulation of industry
• Protect domestic businesses from foreign
competition
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• In many US cities in the 1800s, political
machines
• Controlled activities of political parties
• Pushed for reform in selecting judges
• Helped ensure free and fair elections
• Were headed by officials elected by the voters
• In many US cities in the 1800s, political
machines
• Controlled activities of political parties
• Pushed for reform in selecting judges
• Helped ensure free and fair elections
• Were headed by officials elected by the voters
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• During the late 19th and early 20th centuries,
urban immigrants generally supported local
political machines that
• Discouraged the new immigrants from
participating in civic affairs
• Were usually supported by urban reformers
• Provided essential services to the immigrants
• Reminded immigrants of political practices of
their homelands
• During the late 19th and early 20th centuries,
urban immigrants generally supported local
political machines that
• Discouraged the new immigrants from
participating in civic affairs
• Were usually supported by urban reformers
• Provided essential services to the immigrants
• Reminded immigrants of political practices of
their homelands
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• The muckraking journalists associated with the
Progressive Era were known primarily for their
• Willingness to expose the corruption of US
society
• Articles supporting the economic benefits of
laissez-faire economics
• Use of the media to advocate the passage of the
Equal Right Amendment
• Support for the formation of US military alliances
with European countries
• The muckraking journalists associated with the
Progressive Era were known primarily for their
• Willingness to expose the corruption of US
society
• Articles supporting the economic benefits of
laissez-faire economics
• Use of the media to advocate the passage of the
Equal Right Amendment
• Support for the formation of US military alliances
with European countries
28
• One effect of monopolies on the US economy is
that they tend to
• reduce business competition
• keep prices low
• lead to a greater variety in the price and quality
for a particular product
• give consumers a greater choice in goods they
can produce
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• One effect of monopolies on the US economy is
that they tend to
• reduce business competition
• keep prices low
• lead to a greater variety in the price and quality
for a particular product
• give consumers a greater choice in goods they
can produce
•
29
• Which term best describes US economic policy
during the era of the rise of big business(18651900)?
• Welfare-state capitalism
• Marxism
• Laissez-faire capitalism
• Merchantilism
• Which term best describes US economic policy
during the era of the rise of big business(18651900)?
• Welfare-state capitalism
• Marxism
• Laissez-faire capitalism
• Merchantilism
30
• Ford’s production of the Model T
demonstrated the economic relationship
between the specialization of labor and
• reduced demand for labor
• greater efficiencies in production
• higher production costs
• decline of labor unions
• Ford’s production of the Model T
demonstrated the economic relationship
between the specialization of labor and
• reduced demand for labor
• greater efficiencies in production
• higher production costs
• decline of labor unions
• Manufacturing became an important part of
the Northern economy because
• there were too few rivers to run waterpowered factories
• the shorter growing season limited the crops
farmers could produce
• there were not enough cities where farmers
could ship their crops
• the climate was too arid for crop production
• Manufacturing became an important part of
the Northern economy because
• there were too few rivers to run waterpowered factories
• the shorter growing season limited the crops
farmers could produce
• there were not enough cities where farmers
could ship their crops
• the climate was too arid for crop production
32
• US industry needed international trade during
the late 1800s and early 1900s in order to
• obtain spare parts for railroad cars and
steamships
• keep the US on the gold standard
• provide American consumers with a choice of
products
• obtain raw materials and new markets to sell
more goods
• US industry needed international trade during
the late 1800s and early 1900s in order to
• obtain spare parts for railroad cars and
steamships
• keep the US on the gold standard
• provide American consumers with a choice of
products
• obtain raw materials and new markets to sell
more goods
33
• During the late 19th and early 20th centuries
the US government attempted to facilitate the
growth of domestic industry by
• placing high tariff barriers on foreign imports
• encouraging the growth of labor unions
• repealing the Sherman Antitrust Act
• providing subsidies to small businesses
• During the late 19th and early 20th centuries
the US government attempted to facilitate the
growth of domestic industry by
• placing high tariff barriers on foreign imports
• encouraging the growth of labor unions
• repealing the Sherman Antitrust Act
• providing subsidies to small businesses
34
• Social Darwinism explained the success of
industrial tycoons by saying that these business
leaders
• had overcome and eliminated weaker
competitors
• had been born into wealthy or privileged families
• had succeeded by way of government regulation
• supported labor reform and other progressive
reforms
•
• Social Darwinism explained the success of
industrial tycoons by saying that these business
leaders
• had overcome and eliminated weaker
competitors
• had been born into wealthy or privileged families
• had succeeded by way of government regulation
• supported labor reform and other progressive
reforms
•
• One effect of monopolies on the US economy is
that they tend to
• reduce business competition
• keep prices low
• lead to a greater variety in the price and quality
for a particular product
• give consumers a greater choice in goods they
can produce
•
• One effect of monopolies on the US economy is
that they tend to
• reduce business competition
• keep prices low
• lead to a greater variety in the price and quality
for a particular product
• give consumers a greater choice in goods they
can produce
•
35
• Reformers who proposed and supported the
Social Gospel
• Helped inspire people to establish settlement
houses
• Were inspired by people who had established
settlement houses
• Were mainly upper class men
• Were mainly Catholics rather than Protestants
• Reformers who proposed and supported the
Social Gospel
• Helped inspire people to establish settlement
houses
• Were inspired by people who had established
settlement houses
• Were mainly upper class men
• Were mainly Catholics rather than Protestants
36
• Social Darwinism and the Social Gospel
movement believed that organized religion must
place greater emphasis on
• Most of their support came from the laborers and
immigrants
• Both preached that the poor were not
responsible for their condition
• Social Darwinism started as a response to the
Social Gospel Movement
• Both tried to address the social conditions of an
industrial society
• Social Darwinism and the Social Gospel
movement believed that organized religion must
place greater emphasis on
• Most of their support came from the laborers and
immigrants
• Both preached that the poor were not
responsible for their condition
• Social Darwinism started as a response to the
Social Gospel Movement
• Both tried to address the social conditions of an
industrial society
37
• The followers of the Social Gospel movement
believed that organized religion must place
greater emphasis on
• Reconstructing American society
• Raising funds
• Supporting the Populist Party
• Stopping immigration to the US
• The followers of the Social Gospel movement
believed that organized religion must place
greater emphasis on
• Reconstructing American society
• Raising funds
• Supporting the Populist Party
• Stopping immigration to the US
38
• Members of the Populist Party supported
public ownership of railroads because they
thought it would
• Help small farmers
• Reduce immigration
• Decrease income taxes
• Change monetary policy
• Members of the Populist Party supported
public ownership of railroads because they
thought it would
• Help small farmers
• Reduce immigration
• Decrease income taxes
• Change monetary policy
39
• William Jennings Bryan opposed switching to the
gold standard because it would
• a. eliminate paper money and switch the country
to gold coins
• b. allow bankers and businessmen to use either
gold or paper money
• c. limit the supply and access to money for
workers and farmers
• d. increase the supply of paper money, making it
almost worthless
• William Jennings Bryan opposed switching to the
gold standard because it would
• a. eliminate paper money and switch the country
to gold coins
• b. allow bankers and businessmen to use either
gold or paper money
• c. limit the supply and access to money for
workers and farmers
• d. increase the supply of paper money, making it
almost worthless
40
• Although it intended to break up monopolies,
business leaders used the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
to
• gather more stock in railroads and other utilities
• limit labor union activities by saying they
interfered with trade
• discourage international trade that threatened
them
• increase their horizontal integration
• Although it intended to break up monopolies,
business leaders used the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
to
• gather more stock in railroads and other utilities
• limit labor union activities by saying they
interfered with trade
• discourage international trade that threatened
them
• increase their horizontal integration
41
• Which best exemplifies the Progressive
movement
• For government to be more efficient and
responsive to public needs
• To make it easier for business and the
government to work together
• To increase services such as housing and health
care to immigrants
• To increase immigrant participation in politics and
government
• Which best exemplifies the Progressive
movement
• For government to be more efficient and
responsive to public needs
• To make it easier for business and the
government to work together
• To increase services such as housing and health
care to immigrants
• To increase immigrant participation in politics and
government
42
• The term suffragettes refers to women in
American history who
• Suffered for a religious cause
• Joined unions to fight for workers’ rights
• Believed alcohol should be legally banned
• Fought for women’s right to vote
• The term suffragettes refers to women in
American history who
• Suffered for a religious cause
• Joined unions to fight for workers’ rights
• Believed alcohol should be legally banned
• Fought for women’s right to vote
43
• During President Theodore Roosevelt’s
administration, Congress gave the Interstate
Commerce Commission the power to
• Enforce legislation regulating railroad rates
• Construct a national canal system
• Impose lower import tariffs on foreign goods
• Mint a national currency
• During President Theodore Roosevelt’s
administration, Congress gave the Interstate
Commerce Commission the power to
• Enforce legislation regulating railroad rates
• Construct a national canal system
• Impose lower import tariffs on foreign goods
• Mint a national currency
44
• The Puritan’s views and attitudes led them to
promote the ideas of
• Social equality
• Hard work for common goals
• Religious tolerance
• Separation of church and state
• The Puritan’s views and attitudes led them to
promote the ideas of
• Social equality
• Hard work for common goals
• Religious tolerance
• Separation of church and state
• The revival meetings of the Great Awakening and
the Second Great Awakening were
• Held in churches on Sundays only and included
emotional sermons
• Led only by local ministers who preached to their
own congregations
• Held outside, lasted for days, and included
emotional sermons
• Focused on the use of rational thinking and a
scientific approach to religion
• The revival meetings of the Great Awakening and
the Second great Awakening were
• Held in churches on Sundays only and included
emotional sermons
• Led only by local ministers who preached to their
own congregations
• Held outside, lasted for days, and included
emotional sermons
• Focused on the use of rational thinking and a
scientific approach to religion
46
• The Second Great Awakening promoted
• An optimistic message that inspired people to
try to reform society
• The idea that slavery was a choice made by
each individual
• Expansion to the West as part of Manifest
Destiny
• A return to agriculture rather than increased
urbanization
• The Second Great Awakening promoted
• An optimistic message that inspired people to
try to reform society
• The idea that slavery was a choice made by
each individual
• Expansion to the West as part of Manifest
Destiny
• A return to agriculture rather than increased
urbanization
47
• The First Great Awakening of the 1730s and
1740s was primarily
• Movement to increase colonial loyalty to the
British monarchy
• Religious revival that spread through the colonies
• Process of assimilating immigrants into colonial
American culture
• Period of economic prosperity brought about by
colonial trade
• The First great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s
was primarily
• Movement to increase colonial loyalty to the
British monarchy
• Religious revival that spread through the colonies
• Process of assimilating immigrants into colonial
American culture
• Period of economic prosperity brought about by
colonial trade
48
• The Mormon community moved to Utah because
• A climate in Utah was more favorable to their
crops
• They could buy large amounts of farm land
• Slavery was outlawed in Utah
• They suffered persecution in the Eastern states
•
• The Mormon community moved to Utah because
• A climate in Utah was more favorable to their
crops
• They could buy large amounts of farm land
• Slavery was outlawed in Utah
• They suffered persecution in the Eastern states
•
49
• The Establishment Clause in the First
Amendment
• Established the tax rates for various churches
• Prohibits the government from establishing a
state religion
• Establishes requirements for government
support of any religion
• Specifies the requirements for churches to be
established
• The Establishment Clause in the First
Amendment
• Established the tax rates for various churches
• Prohibits the government from establishing a
state religion
• Establishes requirements for government
support of any religion
• Specifies the requirements for churches to be
established
table
tables
52
• How were the Second Great Awakening and
the Social Gospel movement similar
• Both resulted in large increases in church
membership
• Both were led by social conservatives
• Both were concerned with improving society
• Both occurred before the Civil War
• How were the Second Great Awakening and
the Social Gospel movement similar
• Both resulted in large increases in church
membership
• Both were led by social conservatives
• Both were concerned with improving society
• Both occurred before the Civil War
53
• Which statement best describe the reason the
First Amendment was added to the Constitution
• To protect citizens from government interference
in religion
• To allow citizens to establish a government
sponsored church
• To ensure that a church would not overthrow the
government
• To require people to worship in a religion of their
choice
• Which statement best describe the reason the
First Amendment was added to the Constitution
• To protect citizens from government interference
in religion
• To allow citizens to establish a government
sponsored church
• To ensure that a church would not overthrow the
government
• To require people to worship in a religion of their
choice
1.2
• Which two groups debated the ratification of
the new Constitution?
• (1) loyalists and revolutionaries
• (2) Federalists and Anti-federalists
• (3) Democratic Party and Whig Party
• (4) executive branch and judicial branch
1.2
• Which two groups debated the ratification of
the new Constitution?
• (1) loyalists and revolutionaries
• (2) Federalists and Anti-federalists
• (3) Democratic Party and Whig Party
• (4) executive branch and judicial branch
1.2
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8 Which individual’s action was directly protected
by the first amendment?
(1) Alexander Graham Bell’s invention of the
telephone in 1876
(2) Theodore Roosevelt’s command of the Rough
Riders in 1898
(3) President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s election to
a third term in 1940
(4) Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s leading a march
on Washington, D.C., in 1963
1.2
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8 Which individual’s action was directly protected
by the first amendment?
(1) Alexander Graham Bell’s invention of the
telephone in 1876
(2) Theodore Roosevelt’s command of the Rough
Riders in 1898
(3) President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s election to
a third term in 1940
(4) Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s leading a march
on Washington, D.C., in 1963
1.2
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4 “. . . Every thing that is right or reasonable pleads
for separation. The blood of the slain, the
weeping voice of nature cries, ’TIS TIME TO
PART. . . .”
— Thomas Paine, Common Sense
In this quotation, Thomas Paine is trying to
convince the colonists to
(1) accept the Proclamation of 1763
(2) break a treaty with Spain
(3) declare their independence from England
(4) dissolve their alliance with France
1.2
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4 “. . . Every thing that is right or reasonable pleads
for separation. The blood of the slain, the
weeping voice of nature cries, ’TIS TIME TO
PART. . . .”
— Thomas Paine, Common Sense
In this quotation, Thomas Paine is trying to
convince the colonists to
(1) accept the Proclamation of 1763
(2) break a treaty with Spain
(3) declare their independence from England
(4) dissolve their alliance with France
1.2
• 6 The Great Compromise reached at the
Constitutional Convention resulted in the
• (1) formation of the Supreme Court
• (2) creation of a bicameral legislature
• (3) development of a two-party system
• (4) ban on the importation of enslaved
Africans
1.2
• 6 The Great Compromise reached at the
Constitutional Convention resulted in the
• (1) formation of the Supreme Court
• (2) creation of a bicameral legislature
• (3) development of a two-party system
• (4) ban on the importation of enslaved
Africans
1.2
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3 The main purpose for writing the Declaration of
Independence was to
(1) declare war on Great Britain
(2) force France to support the Revolutionary War
(3) convince Great Britain to abolish slavery
(4) state the colonists’ reasons for separating
from Great Britain
1.2
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3 The main purpose for writing the Declaration of
Independence was to
(1) declare war on Great Britain
(2) force France to support the Revolutionary War
(3) convince Great Britain to abolish slavery
(4) state the colonists’ reasons for separating
from Great Britain
1.2
• 8 Federalism is best defined as a principle of
government that
• (1) divides power between the central
government
• and state governments
• (2) includes a system of checks and balances
• (3) allows the states to nullify national laws
• (4) places the most power in the hands of the
• legislative branch
1.2
• 8 Federalism is best defined as a principle of
government that
• (1) divides power between the central
government and state governments
• (2) includes a system of checks and balances
• (3) allows the states to nullify national laws
• (4) places the most power in the hands of the
• legislative branch
1.2
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
4 At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which
problem was solved by the Great Compromise?
(1) developing the method of electing a president
(2) designating control of interstate commerce
(3) outlining the structure of the federal court
system
(4) establishing the formula for representation in
Congress
1.2
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
4 At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, which
problem was solved by the Great Compromise?
(1) developing the method of electing a president
(2) designating control of interstate commerce
(3) outlining the structure of the federal court
system
(4) establishing the formula for representation in
Congress
1.3
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
12 Under Chief Justice John Marshall, the Supreme
Court strengthened its authority by
(1) applying judicial review to state and national
laws
(2) changing the operation of the electoral
college
(3) increasing the number of Justices on the
Court
(4) expanding the freedoms included in the first
amendment
1.3
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
12 Under Chief Justice John Marshall, the Supreme
Court strengthened its authority by
(1) applying judicial review to state and national
laws
(2) changing the operation of the electoral
college
(3) increasing the number of Justices on the
Court
(4) expanding the freedoms included in the first
amendment
1.3
• 9 What was one outcome of the Supreme Court
decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803)?
• (1) State governments could now determine the
• constitutionality of federal laws.
• (2) The principle of judicial review was
established.
• (3) Congress expanded its delegated powers.
• (4) A method to approve treaties was developed.
•
1.3
• 9 What was one outcome of the Supreme Court
decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803)?
• (1) State governments could now determine the
• constitutionality of federal laws.
• (2) The principle of judicial review was
established.
• (3) Congress expanded its delegated powers.
• (4) A method to approve treaties was developed.
•
1.4
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
15 Before the former Confederate states could be
readmitted to the Union, the congressional plan
for Reconstruction required them to
(1) ratify the 14th amendment
(2) imprison all former Confederate soldiers
(3) provide 40 acres of land to all freedmen
(4) help rebuild Northern industries
1.4
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
15 Before the former Confederate states could be
readmitted to the Union, the congressional plan
for Reconstruction required them to
(1) ratify the 14th amendment
(2) imprison all former Confederate soldiers
(3) provide 40 acres of land to all freedmen
(4) help rebuild Northern industries
2.1
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
21 Muckrakers Ida Tarbell and Upton Sinclair
influenced the federal government to
(1) grant citizenship to people who had entered
the country illegally
(2) pass legislation to correct harmful business
practices
(3) force individual states to regulate monopolies
(4) end racial discrimination in the workplace
2.1
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
21 Muckrakers Ida Tarbell and Upton Sinclair
influenced the federal government to
(1) grant citizenship to people who had entered
the country illegally
(2) pass legislation to correct harmful business
practices
(3) force individual states to regulate monopolies
(4) end racial discrimination in the workplace
2.2
• 19 The principal reason Congress raised tariff
rates in the late 1800s and early 1900s was to
• (1) increase personal income taxes
• (2) lower prices for American consumers
• (3) guarantee high wages to American workers
• (4) protect United States businesses from
foreign
• competition
2.2
• 19 The principal reason Congress raised tariff
rates in the late 1800s and early 1900s was to
• (1) increase personal income taxes
• (2) lower prices for American consumers
• (3) guarantee high wages to American workers
• (4) protect United States businesses from
foreign competition
2.2
• 19 During the late 1800s, major improvements
to a nationwide system of trade were made
with the
• (1) construction of a network of canals
• (2) use of steamboats on rivers
• (3) completion of transcontinental railroads
• (4) construction of toll roads
2.2
• 19 During the late 1800s, major improvements
to a nationwide system of trade were made
with the
• (1) construction of a network of canals
• (2) use of steamboats on rivers
• (3) completion of transcontinental railroads
• (4) construction of toll roads
2.2
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
19 The closing of the frontier and the growth of
industry in the late 1800s are two factors often
associated with the
(1) reduction of exports to Asian nations
(2) restoration of a plantation economy in the
South
(3) formation of alliances with other nations
(4) rise of United States imperialism
2.2
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
19 The closing of the frontier and the growth of
industry in the late 1800s are two factors often
associated with the
(1) reduction of exports to Asian nations
(2) restoration of a plantation economy in the
South
(3) formation of alliances with other nations
(4) rise of United States imperialism
2.5
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
18 In passing the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890),
Congress intended to
(1) prevent large corporations from eliminating
their competition
(2) distinguish good trusts from bad trusts
(3) regulate rates charged by railroads
(4) force large trusts to bargain with labor unions
2.5
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
18 In passing the Sherman Antitrust Act (1890),
Congress intended to
(1) prevent large corporations from eliminating
their competition
(2) distinguish good trusts from bad trusts
(3) regulate rates charged by railroads
(4) force large trusts to bargain with labor unions
2.5
• 17 In the late 19th century, critics of big business
claimed that monopolies most harmed the
• economy by
• (1) limiting competition
• (2) decreasing the urban growth rate
• (3) preventing technological innovation
• (4) failing to keep pace with European industries
2.5
• 17 In the late 19th century, critics of big business
claimed that monopolies most harmed the
• economy by
• (1) limiting competition
• (2) decreasing the urban growth rate
• (3) preventing technological innovation
• (4) failing to keep pace with European industries
2.6
• 19 A high protective tariff passed by Congress
is
• intended to affect the United States economy
by
• (1) promoting free trade
• (2) limiting industrial jobs
• (3) encouraging American manufacturing
• (4) expanding global interdependence
2.6
• 19 A high protective tariff passed by Congress
is
• intended to affect the United States economy
by
• (1) promoting free trade
• (2) limiting industrial jobs
• (3) encouraging American manufacturing
• (4) expanding global interdependence
2.7
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
18 In the late 19th century, the ideas of Social
Darwinism were used primarily to
(1) encourage the passage of compulsory
education laws
(2) explain the differences in income between
the rich and the poor
(3) urge Congress to end immigration
(4) support the growth of new political parties
2.7
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
18 In the late 19th century, the ideas of Social
Darwinism were used primarily to
(1) encourage the passage of compulsory
education laws
(2) explain the differences in income between
the rich and the poor
(3) urge Congress to end immigration
(4) support the growth of new political parties
2.9
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
22 A major purpose of the Progressive movement
(1900–1917) was to
(1) stimulate the economy
(2) support government control of factory
production
(3) encourage immigration from southern and
eastern Europe
(4) correct the economic and social abuses of
industrial society
2.9
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
22 A major purpose of the Progressive movement
(1900–1917) was to
(1) stimulate the economy
(2) support government control of factory
production
(3) encourage immigration from southern and
eastern Europe
(4) correct the economic and social abuses of
industrial society
2.8
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
16 During the late 1800s, many United States
farmers believed their economic problems would
be solved if the federal government would
(1) raise interest rates
(2) outlaw strikes by labor unions
(3) put more money into circulation
(4) regulate the amount of grain that was
produced
2.8
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
16 During the late 1800s, many United States
farmers believed their economic problems would
be solved if the federal government would
(1) raise interest rates
(2) outlaw strikes by labor unions
(3) put more money into circulation
(4) regulate the amount of grain that was
produced
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
23 Today, the Federal Reserve System attempts to
stabilize the economy of the United States by
(1) requiring federal budgets be prepared and
presented to Congress
(2) levying and collecting income taxes
(3) regulating interest rates and the money
supply
(4) backing all currency with silver and gold
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
23 Today, the Federal Reserve System attempts to
stabilize the economy of the United States by
(1) requiring federal budgets be prepared and
presented to Congress
(2) levying and collecting income taxes
(3) regulating interest rates and the money
supply
(4) backing all currency with silver and gold
2.7
• 17 Society advances when its fittest members are
allowed to assert themselves with the least
• hindrance.
• The idea expressed in this statement is most
• consistent with the
• (1) principles of Social Darwinism
• (2) concept of assimilation
• (3) goals of the Progressive movement
• (4) melting pot theory of American culture
• 18 During the late 1800s, many North American
•
2.7
• 17 Society advances when its fittest members are
allowed to assert themselves with the least
• hindrance.
• The idea expressed in this statement is most
• consistent with the
• (1) principles of Social Darwinism
• (2) concept of assimilation
• (3) goals of the Progressive movement
• (4) melting pot theory of American culture
• 18 During the late 1800s, many North American
•
2.9
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
20 Which government action is most closely
associated with the efforts of muckrakers?
(1) ratification of the woman’s suffrage
amendment
(2) approval of the graduated income tax
(3) creation of the National Forest Service
(4) passage of the Meat Inspection Act
2.9
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
20 Which government action is most closely
associated with the efforts of muckrakers?
(1) ratification of the woman’s suffrage
amendment
(2) approval of the graduated income tax
(3) creation of the National Forest Service
(4) passage of the Meat Inspection Act
2.9
• 21 In the early 1900s, Progressive Era
reformers
• sought to increase citizen participation in
• government by supporting the
• (1) expansion of the spoils system
• (2) direct election of senators
• (3) creation of the electoral college
• (4) formation of the Federal Reserve system
2.9
• 21 In the early 1900s, Progressive Era
reformers
• sought to increase citizen participation in
• government by supporting the
• (1) expansion of the spoils system
• (2) direct election of senators
• (3) creation of the electoral college
• (4) formation of the Federal Reserve system
2.9
• 22 The Progressive movement supported the
idea
• that the federal government should
• (1) regulate big business
• (2) reduce immigration
• (3) build an overseas empire
• (4) reduce the number of farms
2.9
• 22 The Progressive movement supported the
idea
• that the federal government should
• (1) regulate big business
• (2) reduce immigration
• (3) build an overseas empire
• (4) reduce the number of farms
3.3
• 16 During the 1850s, Irish immigrants were
often
• discriminated against because they
• (1) refused to participate in local politics
• (2) displaced slave labor in the South
• (3) arrived in the United States with great
wealth
• (4) practiced the Roman Catholic religion
3.3
• 16 During the 1850s, Irish immigrants were
often
• discriminated against because they
• (1) refused to participate in local politics
• (2) displaced slave labor in the South
• (3) arrived in the United States with great
wealth
• (4) practiced the Roman Catholic religion