Transcript Immigration and Captains of Industry

Immigration and Captains of
Industry
Why Did People Come to The
United States After the Civil War?
STANDARD USII.4b:
• The student will demonstrate
knowledge of how life changed after
the Civil War by
• b) explaining the reasons for the
increase in immigration, growth of
cities, and challenges arising from this
expansion.
Essential Questions for Standard
• Why did immigration increase?
• Why did cities grow and develop?
• What challenges faced Americans as a
result of these social and technological
changes?
What You Must Be Able To Explain
(Essential Understandings)
• Population changes, growth of cities,
and new inventions produced
interaction and often conflict between
different cultural groups.
• Population changes, growth of cities,
and new inventions produced problems
in urban areas.
Increased Immigration Post Civil War
• Hope for better opportunities
• Free land out west
• Desire for religious freedom
• Escape from oppressive governments
in Europe
• Desire for adventure
• Go to the American “wild” west.
Where They Came From
1840-1860
0.5
1.5
1860-1900
10
2
N. & W.
Europe
6
3
S. & E.
Europe
Americas
33
59
Asia
93
All Others
Reasons why cities grew and
developed
• Specialized Industries in certain Cities
• Pittsburgh: Steel
• Chicago: Meat Processing
• Immigration from other nations
• People came to the cities first, moved out
when they earned the money to move.
• Americans moved from rural areas to
urban areas for job opportunities.
Reasons why cities grew and
developed
• Rapid industrialization and urbanization
led to overcrowded immigrant
neighborhoods and tenements.
• All the new immigrants had to have
somewhere to live.
• The political bosses selected where they
lived, it was easier to place cultural groups
together to keep the workers under control.
Immigrant Ghettos
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Living conditions - Apartments
Living conditions - Apartments
Living conditions - Apartments
Rapid Industrialization &
Urbanization led to Problems, Too
• Immigrants were forced to live in
slums, killing many due to poor living
conditions.
• Immigrants were forced into
neighborhoods based upon where they
came from.
• Given “tenement housing”
• Small rooms for many people, no
bathrooms, building was dirty & unhealthy
to live in.
How to Solve the Problems
• Settlement Houses for Immigrants
• Hull House: founded by Jane Addams
• Political machines that gained power
by taking care of the needs of new
immigrants. Political Bosses provided:
• Housing
• Jobs
• Food
• In return, immigrants voted how they
were told.
New Groups Were Discriminated
Against
• New Immigrants were forced into
Ghettos and Tenements
• Irish
• Chinese
• Japanese
• Jews
• Political Corruption by the political
machines
• Immigrants began to realize they were
being used for the glory of a few men.
Challenges faced by cities
• Tenements and ghettos
• The cities had to recruit officers from each
culture to enforce the laws.
• Many corrupt police-controlled by political
bosses.
• Political corruption
• Political machines
How the U.S. was Transformed
from Agricultural Nation to an
Industrial Nation
STANDARD USII.4d
• The student will demonstrate
knowledge of how life changed after
the Civil War by:
• d) explaining the impact of new
inventions, the rise of big business, the
growth of industry, and life on
American farms.
Essential Questions for Standard
• What inventions created great change and
industrial growth in the United States?
• What created the rise in big business?
• What factors caused the growth of industry?
• How did industrialization and the rise in big
business influence life on American farms?
What You Must Be Able To Explain
(Essential Understandings)
• Between the Civil War and World
• War I, the United States was
transformed from an agricultural to an
industrial nation.
• Inventions had both positive and
negative effects on society.
Inventions that contributed to great
change and industrial growth
• Electricity:
• Thomas Edison
• Lighting (light bulb)
• Mechanical uses of electricity
• Telephone service:
• Alexander Graham Bell
Reasons for the Rise & Prosperity of
Big Business
• National markets for products are created
due to advances in transportation.
• Rail cars could now hold cold items for days
Reasons for the Rise & Prosperity of
Big Business
• Captains of industry
• J.P. Morgan Banking
• At the height of Morgan's career, he controlled
influence over the nation's high finance and
United States Congress members.
Reasons for the Rise & Prosperity of
Big Business
• Captains of industry
• John D. Rockefeller-oil
• Started as a store clerk
• Turned his skills into an
oil Empire
Reasons for the Rise & Prosperity of
Big Business
• Captains of industry
• Andrew Carnegie-steel
• Immigrant who invested his
wages into companies wisely.
• Took his earnings and bought
a steel mill. Turned his profits
into more and more mills.
• As he got older, he gave away
over 2 Billion dollars.
Reasons for the Rise & Prosperity of
Big Business
• Captains of industry
• Cornelius Vanderbiltshipping & railroads
• Like Rockefeller, Vanderbilt
built his empire slowly
using his profits wisely.
• After shipping, he bought
railroads.
• Brutally controlled
competition.
Reasons for the Rise & Prosperity of
Big Business
• Advertising
• Newspapers and Magazines sold
ads to get people to buy their
product
• Time saving washing machine
• Low-cost production
• Henry Ford developed the
assembly line.
• Can built products faster and
cheaper.
Reasons for the Rise & Prosperity of
Big Business
Factors that Resulted in growth of
Industry
• New access to raw materials & energy.
• Availability of work force due to
increased immigration.
• New inventions
• Financial resources
Examples of Big Businesses
• Banking
• Railroads
• Oil
• Steel
Postwar changes in Daily Life
• Mechanization (ex-reaper) reduced farm
labor needs & increased production.
• Industrial development in cities created
increased labor needs.
• Industrialization provided new access to
consumer goods (e.g. mail order)
NEGATIVE effects of Industrialization
• Child labor
• Low wages for long hours
• Unsafe working conditions
Rise of Labor - Outcomes
• Formation of Unions
• Growth of American Federation of Labor
• STRIKES
• Aftermath of Homestead Strike
Effects of Progressive Movement
Workplace Reforms
• Improved safety conditions
• Reduced work hours
• Placed restrictions on child labor
Effects of Women’s Suffrage
• Increased educational opportunities
• Women get right to vote
• Women obtain right to vote when 19th
amendment to U. S. Constitution is passed
• Susan B. Anthony & Elizabeth Cady
Stanton worked for women’s suffrage.
Temperance Movement
• Made up of groups who wanted to end
the making and consuming of alcohol.
• Supported the 18th Amendment to
Constitution which prohibits the
manufacture, sale, and transporting of
alcoholic beverages.