Transcript Post Civil War Unit - James S. Russell Middle School

Post Civil War Unit
William L. Rogers
Russell Middle School
13th Amendment
• Bans slavery in the United States and
all of its territories.
14th Amendment
• Grants citizenship to all persons born
in the United States and guarantees
them equal protection under the law.
15th Amendment
• Ensures all citizens the right to vote
regardless of race, color, or previous
condition of servitude.
13th, 14th, 15th Amendments
• The above amendments guarantee
equal protection under the law for ALL
citizens of the United States.
• If you are born here, you are a citizen.
• Being a citizen, you have the right to vote
no matter what.
• ALL American citizens are to be protected
by the law no matter what.
Reconstruction Policies and
Problems With those Policies
What the U. S. Congress Made to
Happen for the Former Slaves - 1
• Southern Military leaders could not
hold public office. (Example-Robert E. Lee
Could not become Governor of Virginia)
• African-Americans COULD hold public
office. (1st time in U. S. History)
• Civil Rights Acts of 1866 gives African
Americans equal rights, and allows the
Union army to enforce this law.
What the U. S. Congress Made to
Happen for the Former Slaves - 1
• Northern Soldiers supervised all aspects
of Southern Life.
• The Freedman’s Bureau was
established to aid former enslaved
African Americans in the South.
• Helped them get land –”40 Acres and a Mule”
• Helped ensure former slaves got to vote.
Southern Whites React to Union Acts
• Southerners resented Northern
“Carpetbaggers,” who took advantage
of the South during reconstruction.
• Southern States adopt Black Codes to
limit the economic and physical
freedom of former slaves.
• Laws that said blacks had to read a
tough page of words to vote – most
blacks could not read then.
The End of Reconstruction
Reconstruction Officially Ends In 1877
• Came as a result of a compromise over
the election of 1876.
• Rutherford B. Hayes and Samuel Tilden
were running for President of the United
States. It was so close, the election went
to the U. S. House of Representatives!!
• Rutherford B. Hayes cut a deal to get
Florida’s electoral votes. He told white
leaders of Florida he would get the Union
troops out of the South his first year in
office.
Reconstruction Officially Ends In 1877
• Came as a result of a compromise over
the election of 1876.
• Rutherford B. Hayes was elected President
by the House of Representatives with the
deal!!
• It was called “The Bad Deal” by many in
the North and former slaves across the
nation, and they were right!
• All the Rights African Americans gained
WERE LOST due to “Jim Crow” laws.
Definition: Racial Discrimination
• Based only on race.
• Directed mostly on African Americans,
but other groups were segregated.
• American Indians were not considered
citizens until 1924!
Jim Crow Laws
• Laws passed to discriminate against
African Americans.
• Made Discrimination practices LEGAL in
many communities and states.
• Were characterized by unequal
opportunities in housing, work,
education, and government.
African American Reaction to the Jim
Crow Laws
• Booker T. Washington’s view:
• Equality can be achieved through
vocational education
• Accepted social segregation
• W. E. B. Dubois’s view:
• Wanted full political, civil, and social rights
for African Americans.
Describing the Legacies:
Abe Lincoln, Robert E. Lee,
and Frederick Douglass
Abraham Lincoln
• At first did not want to free the slaves.
• During the war, his views changed.
Abraham Lincoln
• Wanted Reconstruction to be a based
on rebuilding to bring the nation
together. (Called reconciliation)
• Believed the preservation of the Union
was more important than punishing the
South.
Robert E. Lee on Reconstruction:
• Urged Southerners to reunite with
Northerners at the end of the war
when some people wanted to continue
to fight.
• Became President of
Washington College, known
now as Washington and Lee
University.
Frederick Douglass
• Fought for the Constitutional
Amendments that guaranteed voting
rights.
• Was considered a powerful voice for
human rights and civil liberties for
everyone.
Westward Expansion
After the Civil War
Why Move West?
• Opportunities for Land Ownership
• For the Poor, immigrants, former slaves
• Technological advances, including:
• Transcontinential Railroad
• Telegraph
• Change of getting wealth
• Finding gold and silver in the West
Why Move West?
• Desire for Adventure
• Considered “wild” frontier
• Desire for a new beginning for former
enslaved African Americans
• Chance to have their own land without
being treated unfairly.
Westward Expansion:
What Did It Do To The Native Americans?
MASSIVE Changes For the Native
Americans! - 1
• American Indians were opposed to the
Westward Expansion.
• Battle of Little Big Horn
• Sitting Bull
• Geronimo
• Am. Indians forced relocation from
their traditional lands to desolate
reservations.
• Chief Joseph, Nez Perez
MASSIVE Changes For the Native
Americans! - 2
• Population reduced due to:
• War with U.S. Cavalry
• Disease
• Ex. Battle of Wounded Knee
• Assimilation attempts and lifestyle
changes
• Reduction of buffalo herds by whites
• “Indian Schools” to educate Am. Indians in the
white way of life. – Carlisle School in Pennsylvania.
• Lost homelands as treaties were broken
by whites.
Why Did People Come to The
United States After the Civil War?
Increased Immigration Post Civil War
• Hope for better opportunities
• Free land out west
• Desire for religious freedom
• Escape from oppressive government
• Desire for adventure
• Go to the American “wild” west.
Cities In America Post Civil War:
Development, Immigration,
Industrialization, and Discrimination
Standard 4b
• The student will demonstrate
knowledge of how life changed after
the Civil War by:
• b) explaining the reasons for the
increase in immigration, growth of
cities, and challenges arising from this
expansion.
Essential Understandings
• Population changes, growth of cities,
and new inventions produced
interaction and often conflict between
different cultural groups.
• Population changes, growth of cities,
and new inventions produced problems
in urban areas.
Essential Questions
• Why did immigration increase?
• Why did cities grow and develop?
• What challenges faced Americans as a
result of these social and technological
changes?
Why American Cities Grew &
Developed After The Civil War:
• Specialized Industries in certain Cities
• Pittsburgh: Steel
• Chicago: Meat Processing
• Immigration from other nations
• People came to the cities first, moved out
when they earned the money to move.
• Americans moved from rural areas to
urban areas for job opportunities.
Rapid Industrialization &
Urbanization led to Problems, Too
• Immigrants were forced to live in
slums, killing many due to poor living
conditions.
• Immigrants were forced into
neighborhoods based upon where they
came from.
• Given “tenement housing”
• Small rooms for many people, no
bathrooms, building was dirty & unhealthy
to live in.
How to Solve the Problems
• Settlement Houses for Immigrants
• Hull House: founded by Jane Addams
• Political machines that gained power
by taking care of the needs of new
immigrants
• Housing
• Jobs
• Food
• In return, immigrants voted how they
were told.
New Groups Were Discriminated
Against
• Forced into Ghettos and Tenements
• Irish
• Chinese
• Japanese
• Jews
• Political Corruption by the political
machines
• Immigrants began to realize they were
being used for the glory of a few men.
How the U.S. was Transformed
from Agricultural Nation to an
Industrial Nation
New Inventions that Brought on Change
• Electricity: Thomas Edison
• Lighting (light bulb)
• Mechanical uses of electricity
• Telephone service: Alexander Graham Bell
Reasons for the Rise & Prosperity of
Big Business
• National markets for products are created
due to advances in transportation.
• Captains of industry
• John D. Rockefeller-oil
• Andrew Carnegie-steel
• Cornelius Vanderbilt-shipping & railroads
• Advertising
• Low-cost production
Factors that Resulted in growth of
Industry
• New access to raw materials & energy.
• Availability of work force due to
increased immigration.
• New inventions
• Financial resources
Examples of Big Businesses
• Railroads
• Oil
• Steel
Postwar changes in Daily Life
• Mechanization (ex-reaper) reduced farm
labor needs & increased production.
• Industrial development in cities created
increased labor needs.
• Industrialization provided new access to
consumer goods (e.g. mail order)
NEGATIVE effects of Industrialization
• Child labor
• Low wages for long hours
• Unsafe working conditions
Rise of Labor - Outcomes
• Formation of Unions
• Growth of American Federation of Labor
• STRIKES
• Aftermath of Homestead Strike
Effects of Progressive Movement
Workplace Reforms
• Improved safety conditions
• Reduced work hours
• Placed restrictions on child labor
Effects of Women’s Suffrage
• Increased educational opportunities
• Women get right to vote
• Women obtain right to vote when 19th
amendment to U. S. Constitution is passed
• Susan B. Anthony & Elizabeth Cady
Stanton worked for women’s suffrage.
Temperance Movement
• Made up of groups who wanted to end
the making and consuming of alcohol.
• Supported the 18th Amendment to
Constitution which prohibits the
manufacture, sale, and transporting of
alcoholic beverages.