Transcript Chapter 10
Reconstruction 1865 - 1877 Chapter 10 Section 1 Reconstruction Battles Confederacy lay in ruins South’s economy was in collapse Reconstruction = rebuilding Lincoln’s Plan Lincoln wanted a moderate policy that would reconcile Southerner’s with the Union Radical Republicans Three Main Goals 1. Prevent leaders of the confederacy from returning to power after the war 2. Wanted the Republican Party to become a powerful institution in the South 3. Guarantee African Americans the right to vote The Wade – Davis Bill Majority of adult white males in a former confederate state to take an oath of allegiance to the Union Each state could hold a convention to create a new government Each state would have to abolish slavery Deprive all former Confederate government officials and military officers of the right to vote or hold office Congress passed this bill but Lincoln blocked it with a pocket veto Freedmen’s Bureau Helped African Americans who had been freed during the Civil War Fed and clothed war refugees in the South Helped formally enslaved people find work on plantations Negotiated labor contracts with planters – specified pay amount and the number of hours Education Provided education for former slaves Provided buildings for schools Helped establish colleges Johnson Takes Office Southern Democrat before the war Remained Loyal and stayed in the Senate Johnson’s Plan Issued an amnesty proclamation (excluded former Confederates who owned property worth more than $20,000) Issued a proclamation for NC Each former confederate state had to call a constitutional convention to revoke its ordinance of secession, ratify the 13th amendment, and reject all Civil War Debts Black Codes Severely limited African American’s Rights African Americans Required to enter annual labor contracts Children had to accept apprenticeships and could be whipped or beaten while serving the apprenticeships Set specific work hours for African Americans and required them to get licenses to work in non-agricultural jobs The 14th Amendment Civil Rights Act of 1866 Granted citizenship to all persons born in the United States except Native Americans Allowed all African Americans to own property and were to be treated equally in court 14th Amendment Citizenship was granted to all persons born or naturalized in the United States and no state could deprive any person of life, liberty, or property Military Reconstruction Military Reconstruction Act Divided the former Confederacy (except for Tennessee) into five military districts A union general was placed in charge of each district Give all adult males the right to vote regardless of race Ratify the 14th Amendment End of 1868 six former confederate states had met all requirements and were readmitted to the Union North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Arkansas Johnson’s Impeachment Command of the Army Act The Tenure of Office Act Required all orders from the president to go through the headquarters of the general of the army Required the Senate to approve the removal of any government official whose appointment had required the Senate’s consent Johnson fired his secretary of war – Edwin Stanton Stanton locked himself in his office and refused to leave House of Representatives voted to impeach Johnson for high crimes and misdemeanors Senate voted 35 to 19 – one vote short of conviction Finished his term quietly and did not run for re-election Republicans nominated Grant for President Large number of African Americans voted The 15th Amendment Right to vote no matter the race, color, or previous condition of servitude