Transcript File imperialism1x

Imperialism
Imperialism:
The policy in which stronger nations extend their
economic, political, or military control over
weaker territories.
Global Competition
1. Europe in Africa? All but 2 nations controlled by Europe.
2. Europe in America? American colonies.
3. Japan in China? Military strength paved the way.
Reasons for U.S. imperialism:
1. Desire for military strength
 Alfred T. Mahan Admiral of U.S. Navy wanted to build up
American naval power (coaling stations)
2. Thirst for new markets
 Technology
 Industrialization
 Trade
3. Belief in cultural superiority
 White is right? We are better than other nations.
 Spreading Christianity and civilization
Alaska
•William Seward
•Russia
•Seward’s Folley?
•Importance?
•Statehood?
Secretary of State / arranged purchase
$7.2 million Purchase
Laughing stock
Oil, timber, natural resources
1959
Hawaii
•Missionaries
•Businessmen
•Pearl Harbor?
•Queen Liliuokalani
•Statehood?
Our mission to spread the gospel
Sugarcane / produces
U.S. military base
Hawaiian Queen who wanted U.S. out
1959
Spanish American
War
Who?
When?
Where?
Why?
United States vs. Spain
1898
Cuba & Philippines
1. American interest in Cuba / proximity & trade.
2. Mistreatment of Cuban people / Spanish
concentration camps
Reasons for War
1. Yellow Journalism / Sensational & Exaggerated stories
about atrocities in Cuba.
2. DeLome Letter / Letter written by Spanish Foreign
Minister criticizing President McKinnley.
3. U.S.S. Maine / Ship that exploded in Havana harbor.
Cuba blamed U.S.
The Splendid Little War
1.War in the Philippines:
•George Dewey / Commodore U.S. fleet in the Pacific
•Spanish fleet / defeated by Dewey in 7 hours.
2.War in Cuba
•Rough Riders / Volunteer cavalry regiment
•Roosevelt / Led the Rough Riders
3.Results?
•Lasted 16 weeks
•Treaty of Paris
•Cuba free
•Guam & Puerto Rico ceded to U.S.
•Philippines to U.S. for $20 million
Acquiring New Lands
Puerto Rico
1. Strategic Importance? Maintaining a U.S. presence in the Caribbean
Future protection for a canal.
2. Foraker Act:
 Ended military rule & set up civil government
 President had right to appoint Governor
 Constitution does not follow the flag
Cuba
1. Teller Amendment (U.S. would not take over Cuba) (pre-war)
2. Platt Amendment:




Cuba must stay independent
The U.S. has right to intervene
Cuba could not go into debt
The U.S. could buy or lease land for naval stations or military
base.
3. Cuba became a protectorate of the U.S. (partially controlled by U.S.)
Philippines
1.Emilio Aguinaldo (rebel leader who helped U.S. during
S.A. war, now vowed to fight for freedom).
•U.S. was now acting like Spain. (imposing its will)
•Forced Filipinos into designated zones of
occupation
•Poor sanitation, starvation, disease
•70,000 troops sent to Philippines to put down
rebellion
•It took 3 years and 400 million (20 times amount
to purchase)
•Death toll: 20,000 Filipinos, 4,000 Americans
•Independence 1946? U.S. Military base
China
•Controlling the Philippines gave us access to China.
•France, Germany, Britain, Japan and Russia already had economic privileges
in China.
•Now the United States wanted in.
1.Open Door Notes
•Notes addressed to leaders of imperialist nations proposing that the
nations share their trading rights with the United States, thus creating an
open door.
2.Boxer Rebellion
•China resented foreign involvement
•Secret societies were formed
•The Boxers were the most famous
•The Boxers killed missionaries, foreigners, and Chinese converts to
Christianity.
•Troops from Britain, France, Germany, Japan and the U.S. put down the
rebellion.
America as a
World Power
Theodore Roosevelt became president with
the assassination of William McKinley in 1901.
He had many accomplishments to further the
United States as a country while in office.
1.The Peacemaker
•Won 1906 Nobel Peace Prize for
negotiating the Treaty of Portsmouth.
•It stopped the war between Russia and
Japan.
2.Panama Canal
•The U.S. saw the need for a canal that cut across Central America. Why?
(shorter trips / better weather)
•Hay-Pauncefote Treaty 1901 gave U.S. right to build canal through Central
America. (G.B.)
•Philippe Bunau-Varilla (French) convinced the U.S. to select a route
through Panama that the French had already started years earlier.
•Had to get permission from Columbia, who had control over Panama.
•Columbia said no, Panama rebelled with U.S. warships close at hand.
•U.S. paid Panama 10 million plus 250,000 a year.
Construction
•One of the world’s greatest engineering feats.
•Mosquito / disease / Malaria
•Slides
•Locks? (not at sea level / raised and lowered ships)
•5,600 death toll, 380 million cost
Roosevelt and Latin America
1.Monroe Doctrine? (U.S. stay out of Europe / Europe stay out of
U.S.) 1823 / James Monroe
2.Roosevelt Corollary
•He warned other countries that the U.S. would use force to
protect its economic interests in Latin America.
•“Speak softly and carry a big stick”
•Used in Nicaragua, Venezuela, and Mexico.
Dollar Diplomacy
•Used by the Taft administration
•Policy of using the U.S. government to guarantee loans made
to foreign countries by American businessmen.
•Used to justify keeping European powers out of the
Caribbean.