Transcript L11 Unit 1 Imperialism PowerPoint Lecture.ppsx

America Becomes a World Power
1890-1914
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America Becomes a World Power
America’s Foreign Policy, Isolationist or Expansionist?
foreign policy = the way a country deals with other countries
America’s Foreign Policy
before 1890
Isolationism
• The policy that the United States
should stay out of other countries
problems or issues.
• It is wrong to invade and control
other countries
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America’s Foreign Policy
After 1890
Imperialism
• The policy of the United States
gaining control over other lands
and using them to gain an empire
• American borders already
stretched from Atlantic to Pacific.
• America bought Alaska from
Russia.
• It was time to look overseas.
America Becomes a World Power
3 Causes of American Expansion
1. Economic Desire for
new markets and raw
materials
2. Military Desire for naval
bases and coaling stations
3. Ideological Desire to
bring Christianity, western
style culture, and
democracy to other people
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United States
Expansion
America Becomes a World Power
Causes of Expansion: Economic and Military
Expand business interests
• US economy boomed with products
to trade and needed resources
• Companies built overseas factories.
• Need new markets to prevent
financial panics.
Military interests
• International competition for colonies would leave America
behind.
• American Security - 1890 funding approved for 3 battleships
(US becomes 2 ocean navy).
• International navy needs coaling ports.
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America Becomes a World Power
Causes of Expansion -- Ideological
Social Darwinism
• US must expand to survive. Whites are superior race.
Must spread superiority
Spread Christianity
• All nations should be Christian. Bring values to “backward”
people
American Frontier Closed
• US pioneer spirit looks towards foreign interests. Expand or
explode
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America Becomes a World Power
International competition for colonies would leave America behind.
CartoonEuropean
grab bag
America Becomes a World Power
Colonial Claims in 1900
Cartoon-European
grab bag
America Becomes a World Power
Looking Toward Asia – Opening Trade with Japan
• Japan was isolated and
unindustrialized until the
mid-1800s.
• American naval officer
Matthew Perry brought 4
ships to Japan in 1853 to
pressure Japan to open its
ports to trade.
• Japan quickly became an
industrial and military power
to compete with the West.
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America Becomes a World Power
Looking Toward Asia – Taking Control of Hawaii
• The port of Pearl Harbor in Hawaii
was ideally located for coaling
stations and bases for ships trading
between the U.S. and Asia.
• Many American planters bought land
to plant sugar cane.
• Americans wanted control of
Hawaiian government.
• Queen Liliuokalani resented
American involvement.
• Planters and U.S. Marines, overthrew
the Queen.
• America annexed Hawaii in 1898.
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America Becomes a World Power
Looking Toward Asia – Relations with China
Open Door Policy
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China was weak and had very little industry.
European countries divided China into areas
in order to control trade.
U.S. and Great Britain asked Chinese leaders
to make an Open Door Policy for trade.
Boxer Rebellion
• A group of Chinese trained in martial arts
called the Boxers didn’t want foreigners
involved in China so they murdered
foreigners and Christians.
• Rebellion was stopped by American forces.
Results
• Gave all nations equal trading access in
China. Guaranteed that China would not be
taken over by a foreign power.
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America Becomes a World Power
Looking Toward Asia – The Great White Fleet
• U.S. needed to protect
American merchant ships
traveling the world
• President Teddy Roosevelt
sent 16 battleships—The Great
White Fleet—on a world tour.
• People around the world could
see the power of the U.S. Navy
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America Becomes a World Power
The Cuban Revolt: America to the Rescue?
Cuba vs. Spain
• Spanish oppressed the Cubans. Cubans rebel.
• Spain sends General “Butcher” Weyler to crush
the rebellion.
• Cuban rebels placed in concentration camps.
(many died due to poor sanitation).
America Backs Cuba
• Cuba was the underdog.
• American businesses traded $100 million/year.
• Spain was a dying empire in America’s area of
control. Whoever controls Cuba controls a
future Panama Canal.
Yellow Journalism
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• Hearst vs. Pulitzer. Each reported on the
atrocities in Cuba.
• Sensationalized news = more readers.
• Hearst printed De Lome Letter (Spanish letter
calling President McKinley weak and a puppet).
America Becomes a World Power
The U.S.S. Maine Explosion and War
The USS Main
• US battleship sent to Cuba to protect and
evacuate Americans if rebellion intensified.
• the Maine exploded in Havana harbor (260
sailors killed). “Remember the Maine, to
Hell with Spain.”
Results
• Spanish investigation: Explosion was
accidental and internal (not confirmed
until 1976 US Navy investigation).
• American investigation: Explosion caused
by Spanish mine. The American public is
ready for war!
McKinley and War
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• President McKinley was conflicted. He
didn’t want a war, yet he didn’t want
Spain to control Cuba.
• McKinley responds to American public and
businesses pressure for war. The US
declares war on Spain.
America Becomes a World Power
The Spanish-American War
The Philippines
• Admiral Dewey told to attack the Spanish fleet
in the event of war.
• Dewey’s surprise attack defeated the Spanish
fleet in Manila Bay.
• American troops with Filipino rebels led by
Emilio Aguinaldo capture Manila
Cuba
• Decisive battle at Santiago. Rough Riders
(supported by 2 black regiments) fight at San
Juan and Kettle Hills.
• Trapped by US naval blockade and US Army,
Spain surrendered.
Results
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• Few casualties (400 to bullets; 5,000 to
malaria, typhoid fever, dysentery).
• War only lasted 113 days.
• America gained respect and prestige.
• Closed the North-South divide (from Civil War).
• US gained an empire that they couldn’t defend.
America Becomes a World Power
End of the War – The Treaty of Paris
Treaty of Paris officially ended the
Spanish-American War.
• The once-proud Spanish empire was
virtually dissolved as the United States
took over much of Spain's overseas
holdings.
• Puerto Rico and Guam were ceded to
the United States.
• The Philippines were bought for $20
million (10 times more U.S. troops
died suppressing the Philippines than
in defeating Spain).
• Cuba became a U.S. protectorate.
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America Becomes a World Power
America and the Philippines: $20 Million for a Rebellion?
What to do with the Philippines
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3 options.
Give the islands back to Spain.
Leave the islands and not give them any help.
US annexation.
Bitterness and Rebellion
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Filipinos wanted independence.
Emilio Aguinaldo led rebellion against the US.
US responded by sending 126,000 troops.
Both sides commit atrocities such as water
boarding and concentration camps.
Results
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• Fighting lasts until 1902.
• 4,234 Americans killed. 600,000 Filipinos killed.
• Philippines not granted independence until July 4,
1946.
America Becomes a World Power
The United States, a World Power
imperialism = the policy of one nation
gaining control over other lands and using
them to gain an empire
Imperialists
• Some Americans and politicians wanted
United States to continue empire building
like other European countries of the time
period.
Anti-Imperialists
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• Declaration of Independence and the
Constitution state it is the right of the
people to choose their form of government.
• Imperialism was against America’s anticolonial policy.
• Imperialism would be too costly.
• Annexation would pull the US politically
and militarily into Asia (okay to be pulled
economically).
America Becomes a World Power
Panama Canal
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Background
• US needs a two ocean navy to protect interests.
• Spanish-American war demonstrated the lack of
mobility.
Rights to the Canal
• US authorized to construct and manage a
Central American canal.
• The canal was to be open to all nations and
rates to be fair and equal.
• Congress chose the Panama route.
Revolution
• Panama was part of Colombia.
• Colombia rejected $10 million and
$250,000/year to build the canal.
• US navy supported Panamanian revolt.
• US recognized independent Panama 3 days
after revolt.
Construction-(1904-1914)
• Cost $400 million.
• Problems with labor, landslides, and disease.
America Becomes a World Power
Theodore Roosevelt’s Foreign Policy: Carry a Big Stick
Roosevelt Corollary-1904
• Preventative intervention “Speak Loudly and
Carry a Big Stick”.
• U.S. would intervene in Latin America to keep
European powers out of the Western
Hemisphere.
Corollary Results
• Used to justify all interventions for the next
30 years.
• U.S. Marines will be sent multiple times to
Latin American countries.
• Latin American countries views this as
American oppression.
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Write your summary.
Review your notes from the
beginning to the end.
1.
2. Use your own words to
explain the main ideas and the
details that support the main
ideas.
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