Transcript IMPERIALISMSPANAM

IMPERIALISM
1890’S-1900’S
FOCUS ON SPANISH AMERICAN
WAR, TR , TAFT AND WW
KEY INFLUENCES
 1-Missionaries
 Rev. Josiah Strong— “Our Country: It’s
Possible Future and Present Crisis”—
missionary work
American Missionaries
In China, 1905
Social Darwinism
White Man’s Burden
Hierarchy of Race
Commercial/Business
Interests
US Foreign Investments
1869-1908
American Frontier-Closed
Frederick
Jackson
Turner’s
Frontier
Thesis--
Alfred Mahan-”Influence of
Sea Power”
PROBLEMS IN CUBA
 1895-REVOLT VS. SPANISH GOV’T
 “SCORCHED EARTH” POLICY
 BUTCHER WEYLER—
Reconcentration Camps
Yellow Journalism
 Pulitzer & Hearst
Hearst to Frederick Remington:
You furnish the pictures,
and I’ll furnish the war!
Feb. 9th 1898
De Lome Letter
Private letter by Spanish Ambassador to
US
McKinley is “weak”
**popular opinion=war
**business---no war
Teddy Roosevelt
 Assistant Secretary of
the Navy in the
McKinley
administration.
 Imperialist and
American nationalist.
 Criticized President
McKinley as having the
backbone of a
chocolate éclair!
 Resigns his position to
fight in Cuba.
THE US INVOLVED IN CUBA
USS Maine sent to evacuate Americans
out of Havana
-Feb. 15th 1898---Maine blew up in
Havana Harbor
blame???
Remember the Maine
and to Hell with Spain!
Funerals for Victims
SPANISH AMERICAN WAR
 Spain orders warships to Cuba
 Admiral Cervera—blockaded by American fleet
in Santiago harbor
 US forces unprepared—malaria, yellow fever &
typhoid; food & clothes
 Disorganized Fighting
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El Caney—July 1st
San Juan Hill
Spanish troops outnumbered and outgunned
August 12, 1898---armistice—5000 die of disease
only 400 men die from war injuries
The Spanish-American War (1898):
“That Splendid Little War”
(John Hay-Sec. of State)
Rough Riders
To The Victor Go The Spoils!
US takes Philippines
Dewey captures Manila!
PROBLEMS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
 1-ADMIRAL DEWEY IN HONG KONG
 TOLD TO TAKE PHIL IF US DECLARES
WAR ON SPAIN
 2-MAY 1898—DEWEY DESTROYS
SPANISH FLEET
 3-AUGUST 1898-MANILA
SURRENDERS
Emilio Aguinaldo-Freedom
Fighter
Philippine Independence-1946
US “Sphere of Influence”
Treaty of Paris, 1898
 Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.
 Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the
island of
Guam.
 The U. S. paid Spain
$20 mil. for the
Philippines.
 The U. S. becomes
an imperial power!
KEY ACTS
 1-TELLER AMENDMENT
 WITHDRAW BY 1902—give Cubans
freedom after the war
 2-PLATT AMENDMENT 1901
 US CAN INTERVENE
 CUBA DEVELOPS CONSTITUTION
 NAVAL BASE
ANTI-IMPERIALIST LEAGUE
 Mark Twain, William James, Samuel
Gompers, Andrew Carnegie, WJ Bryan
 Dislike imperialism; conflict
 Argument
 Too

much despotism (colonialism)
Vs Trade/Profits/Natural resources
Journal: Should the
Constitution follow the flag?
TR AS PRESIDENT
 1-PANAMA CANAL
 1850  Clayton-Bulwer
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Treaty.
1901  Hay-Paunceforte
Treaty.
Philippe Bunau-Varilla,
agent provocateur.
Dr. Walter Reed.
1903  Hay-BunauVarilla Treaty
TR
 “Encourages” a Panamian Revolution
 Prevents Columbian forces entering area
 Pushes for independence
Panama Canal
TR in Panama
Construction starts in 1904
Roosevelt Corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine 1905
Chronic wrongdoing… may
in America, as elsewhere,
ultimately require
intervention by some
civilized nation, and in the
Western Hemisphere the
adherence of the United
States to the Monroe
Doctrine may force the
United States, however
reluctantly, in flagrant
cases of such wrongdoing
or impotence, to the
exercise of an
international police power
.
“Speak Softly But Carry a Big
Stick”
Constable of the World
TR continued
*continued occupation of Philippines
After (US-Phil War 1899+)
Aguinaldo fought US
 4-Russo-Japanese
 War 1904
 Portsmouth Treaty
Nobel Peace Prize
For TR
Yellow Peril
 Problems in California
 Gentlemen’s Agreement
 Root-Takihira Agreement
Great White Fleet 1907
End of TR’s Presidency . . . . .
JOURNAL: What is TR’s Legacy? Does
he belong on Mt. Rushmore?
Taft as President
“Dollar Diplomacy”
1-Improve financial
opportunities for American businesses.
2-Use private capital to
further U. S. interests
overseas.
3- the U.S. should create stability and
order abroad that would best promote
America’s commercial interests.
Wilson as President
“Moral Diplomacy”
*The
U. S. should
be the conscience
of the world.
*Spread democracy.
*Promote peace.
*Condemn
colonialism
1st Actions of Wilson
 1-repeal Panama Canal Tolls Act
 2-Jones Act 1916
 3- Haiti Civil War 1915
 4-Problems in Dom. Republic
 5-US buys Virgin Islands from Denmark
1917
Mexican Revolution 1910
 Huerta seizes control of Mexico

Should US send troops to protect US Business?
 Carranza, Pancho Villa & Emiliano
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Zapata fought against Huerta.
The U.S. also got involved by occupying
Veracruz
Problems with US sailors in Tampico 1914
Carranza would gain power in
Mexico after Huerta’s gov’t collapses
Wilson sends Gen. Pershing to fight Villa as he attacks
along US/Mexican Border
Zapata
Pancho Villa
U. S. Interventions in
Latin America: 1898-1920s