Transcript First political parties 2016 - Lewis

The New Government
Begins
Constitution Ratification was
greeted with relief and enthusiasm
(1787-1788)
George Washington was
unanimously elected as the first
president under the new
constitution
69 of 69 elector votes
He served from 1789-1797
George Washington
Firsts
Took the oath (sworn in) on April
30, 1789
He knew that he was setting an
example for EVERYONE yet to follow
Precedent – example, tradition
How should people address him – Mr.
President
Structure of government – establish
executive departments
First Cabinet
Five departments in the Executive Branch were
established (I want you to know the first 3)
State department– headed by Thomas
Jefferson – handled relations with other
nations (John Kerry)
Treasury department – headed by Alexander
Hamilton – handled financial matters (Jack
Lew)
War department – headed by Henry Knox –
provided the nations defense (Chuck Hagel)
Attorney General office – Edmund Randolph
– handled the governments legal affairs (Eric
Holder)
Postmaster General office – Samuel Osgood
– handled the postal service (Patrick
Donahoe)
First election Electoral College
• Why do we have an Electoral College?
• Our founding fathers feared that without
sufficient information about candidates
from outside their states, people would
naturally vote for their “favorite son” from
their state –also wanted to make sure that
the east coast cities did not outvote less
populated cities).
• How does it actually work?
• State gives their electoral votes to popular
winner in their state
Electoral College Distribution
Map
Then and Now!!!
• Estimated U.S population in 1790
• 4 Million
• Estimated U.S Population in 2013
• 317 Million
• Estimated debt of the United States in
1790
• 80 Million (2 Billion)
• Estimated debt of the United States in
2013
• 19 trillion
Alexander Hamilton (secretary of treasury)
Tried to improve the nation’s economy
•The National Debt was growing; Hamilton
knew it needed to be paid. We needed to
pay back foreign countries and citizens who
had loaned money to the government.
•Hamilton proposed:
• tariffs (tax on imported goods) to encourage
people to buy American products
• A Tax on Whiskey
•Led to the Whisky Rebellion:
Tax on whiskey
Pennsylvania
July 1794
Farmers attacked tax collectors
Southern states opposed Hamilton and his
plans because they needed imported
goods.
•COMPROMISE: In order to get Southern
states to approve his plan, he agreed to a
Southern proposal to move the nation’s
capital to the south (temporarily in New
York).
•Set up the District of Columbia between
Virginia and Maryland – took land away
from the south and created a district
During Washington’s presidency people
respected him, but opposed some of his
ideas
Prominent Figures step up
Alexander Hamilton (supported
Washington, first secretary of treasury)
Thomas Jefferson (opposed some
ideas, first secretary of state)
2 distinct political beliefs
Federalists (supported Hamilton)
Republicans (Democrat-Republicans
supported Jefferson)
Federalists (Hamilton) believed:
- Strong National Government
- Liked Great Britain - stability
- Favored banking and shipping
(Manufacturing)
- Ruled by wealthy, educated class
- Loose interpretation (implied
powers) of the Constitution
Republicans (Jefferson, Madison)
believed:
- Limit government power (State
gov’t)
- Liked France
- Ruled by people
- Agriculture (farming)
- Strict interpretation of the
Constitution
Election of 1796
Federalists
John Adams and Charles
Pinckney
Republicans
Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr
Adams received 71 electoral votes
Jefferson received 68 electoral votes
Election of 1800
Federalists supported John Adams
again
Republicans supported Thomas Jefferson
and Aaron Burr
Jefferson and Burr each received 73. House of
Representatives had to decide. For 35 ballots, the
election remained tied. Hamilton did not want
Burr to win so he urged one voter to change his
vote.
Jefferson wins, Burr becomes Vice President.
Aaron Burr vs. Alexander Hamilton
•When he lost the election, he blamed
Alexander Hamilton and challenged him to
a duel.
•In July 1804, they met in Weehawken,
New Jersey.
•Hamilton hated dueling and pledged not
to shoot at Burr.
•Burr fired and hit Hamilton. Hamilton died
the next day.
Jefferson believed in
people owning their own property
(fight to protect it)
expanding westward
reducing the military
(help with the debt)
cut the military by one-third
cut the navy from 25 ships to 7
As president, Jefferson notices that people
are restless as they start to move west to
the Mississippi River
The port a New Orleans is a perfect water
passageway up and down the Mississippi
Thinking Spain owned the land, Jefferson
sends ambassadors to negotiate the selling
of New Orleans
UH OH – Spain gave land back to France in
a secret treaty
Napoleon needed money to finance his war
We wanted New Orleans only
So – Jefferson authorized an offer of 2
million for New Orleans, but…
Napoleon no longer had a desire to have
land over the Atlantic Ocean so…
We received all of the Louisiana
Territory for 15 million (1803)
More than doubled the size of America
Lewis and Clark Explore
`
Lewis and Clark have several goals
1. Most important – find a Northwest
Passage – an all water route to the pacific
ocean
2. Take notes on land, people,
animals, climate
3. Create friends with Native
Americans