Transcript Cold War Tensions Rising and the Space Race

JFK and the Cold War HW Quiz
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What was the name of JFK’s program to give
financial aid to Latin American countries?
What happened to Cuba’s government in 1959?
What incident make JFK look bad, embarrassed the
United States, and increased tension with Cuba?
What was constructed in Germany during JFK’s
presidency that served as a symbol of Cold War
tension?
What incident brought the United States and Cuba to
the brink of nuclear war?
Bonus (10 points): What New Deal agency was
created to build dams and provide electricity to
people in poor areas? (spell out the name!)
Cold War Tensions Rising and
the Space Race
Goal 11
Essential Idea
 Cold War tension almost rose to
nuclear war during Kennedy’s
administration.
Brinkmanship
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Eisenhower’s Foreign Policy: Brinkmanship
What it meant: go to the brink of nuclear war, then back off
What Critics said: this is a DANGEROUS policy
How Brinkmanship was useful: Eisenhower threatened China with
nukes, which helped “end” the Korean War
Cold War Tension Rising
 Event: Sputnik was launched
 What happened: In 1957, the Soviet Union
launched Sputnik, the first space satellite
 Some people worried that the Soviets were
launching spy satellites
Sputnik Inspires Fear
 Others worried that the next
Soviet rocket would carry a
nuclear weapon, not a
satellite
 Soviet leader Nikita
Khrushchev announced that
the Soviets would “bury
capitalism” (and said that
future American generations
would live under
communism)
Eisenhower and Khrushchev
 Event: The U-2 Incident
 What happened:
Eisenhower and
Khrushchev agreed to a
meeting to ease tension
 Just before the meeting,
Soviets shot down an
American U-2 spy plane
The U-2 Incident
 Eisenhower denied it was a spy
plane until Khrushchev
produced the pilot, Francis
Gary Powers
 Eisenhower would not
apologize, and the meeting
was cancelled
Election of 1960
 Election of 1960:
 The Election was between
Richard Nixon and John F.
Kennedy
 The Debates
 For the first time, the
presidential debates were
televised
 Election of 1960- Power of
Television
Kennedy’s Inaugural Address
 Impact of Television: On TV, Kennedy looked “more
presidential”
 Winner of the Election: Kennedy’s TV image helped
him win the election
The Space Race
 The Space Race: the
race between the
Soviet Union and the
United States to
explore space first
 Significance #1: if the
Soviets won, the world
might think communist
was stronger than
democracy
 Significance #2: space
race technology could
be used to build better
war weapons
The Space Race
NASA: this government agency was
created to research and build space
technology
John Glenn: the first American to
orbit the Earth
Neil Armstrong: the first human to
walk on the moon (no other country
ever has)
Result: The United States “won” the
space race by landing on the moon
first
Castro’s Revolution in Cuba
 The Cuban Revolution: In 1959, Fidel Castro led a successful
overthrow of the Cuban government
 Castro then formed an alliance with the Soviet Union, and Cuba
became communist
Worries about Cuba
This threatened the containment policy,
especially since Cuba is only 90 miles from
Florida
The Bay of Pigs Incident
 Bay of Pigs Incident: The American Government wanted to
overthrow Cuba without going to war
 The CIA secretly trained Cuban exiles and transported them to
the Bay of Pigs, Cuba
The Bay of Pigs Incident
 The overthrow failed,
the government plot
was exposed, and the
United States looked
weak
Trouble in Berlin
 The Berlin Wall:
 Khrushchev was tired of East
Berlin citizens moving to
West Berlin
 He demanded that
democratic nations abandon
West Berlin, but Kennedy
refused
The Berlin Wall
 Khrushchev
built the Berlin
Wall to split
the city
 The Berlin
Wall was
fortified with
guards,
barbed wire,
and mines
The Cuban Missile Crisis
 The Cuban
Missile Crisis:
 In 1962,
American spy
planes
photographed
Soviet missile
sites in Cuba
The Cuban Missile Crisis
 Kennedy
ordered a naval
blockade of
Cuba and
demanded that
the Soviets stop
constructing
missile sites
 Construction
continued, and
nuclear war
seemed
imminent
 Kennedy’s
Address
Tensions Finally Ease
 Kennedy and Khrushchev
Come to an Agreement:
 Kennedy agreed to
remove American missile
site on the Turkey/Soviet
border and promised not
to invade Cuba
 Khrushchev agreed to
remove missile sites in
Cuba
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty – the United States and
Soviet Union agreed to end nuclear testing
The Kennedy Assassination
 The Event: JFK was assassinated while on a
trip in Dallas, Texas
 The Arrest: Authorities arrested Lee Harvey
Oswald
The Assassin is Assassinated
 The Assassin Killed:
 Two days later, Oswald
was killed by Jack Ruby
 The Impact: a young
president with a lot of
potential was gone
 The New President:
 Lyndon B. Johnson
Chief Justice Earl Warren
Earl Warren:
Chief Justice of the
Supreme Court in the
1950s and 1960s
Expanding the Rights of Individuals
 Major Case #1: Brown v. Board of Education – ended
school segregation
Defining the Rights of the Accused
 Major Case #2: Gideon v. Wainwright – everyone
gets a lawyer, even if they cannot afford one
 Major Case #3: Miranda v. Arizona – police must
read your rights during an arrest
Significance of the Warren Court
 Defined the rights of the accused
and expanded the rights of
individuals