Transcript A Global Conflict

A Global Conflict
Chapter 13-Section 3
Learning targets
I can………………
5. Identify the human and dollar cost of WWI.
6. Explain the reasons why Germany and
Russia withdrew from the war.
7. Explain the reasons why the U.S. entered
into the war.
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War Affects the World
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The Gallipoli Campaign
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Allies move to capture
Ottoman Dardanelles strait
in February 1915.
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Hope to defeat the Ottoman
Empire, a Central Powers
ally.
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Also want to open a supply
line through region to
Russia.
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Effort ends in costly Allied
defeat.
War Affects the World
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Battles in Africa and Asia
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Allies take control of German holdings in Asia and
Africa.
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Britain and France use their colonial subjects to
help in war effort
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India fought beside England in the hopes of
gaining future independence.
War Affects the World
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America Joins the Fight
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Germany seeks to control Atlantic Ocean to stop
supplies to Britain.
Germany uses unrestricted submarine warfare,
and ship near Britain are sunk without warning.
Germany halts this policy in 1915 after the sinking
of the Lusitania (1) angers the United States.
RMS Lusitania arriving in New York on her maiden voyage
arriving in New York in September 1907. Upon its sinking
by a German U-boat on May 7, 1915, 1,198 people died
when the ship went down.
War Affects the World
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Germany renews unrestricted submarine warfare (2)
policy in 1917 in hopes to starve Britain quickly.
Renewal of policy angers the United States.
Zimmerman Telegram (3) —effort to enlist Mexico in
war against the United States—angers the United
States.
The United States economic ties to GB & France (4)
to strong to ignore.
Strong anti-German sentiment (5) in the U.S.
The United States declares war against Germany in
April 1917 joining the Allies.
Zimmerman Telegram (Note)
War Affects the Home Front
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Governments Wage Total War
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World War I becomes a “total war”—nations
devote all resources to war.
Governments take control of the economy to
produce war goods.
Nations turn to rationing—limiting purchases of
war-related goods.
Propaganda—one sided information to build
morale and support for the war.
Propaganda
War Affects the Home Front
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Woman and the War
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At home, thousands of women fill jobs previously
held by men.
Many women also experience the war by working
as nurses.
Russia withdraws from WWI
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1917: Civil unrest in Russia
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Shortages of food & fuel
Czar Nicholas abdicates (steps down) his throne
Provisional gov’t continues fighting in WWI – warweary army refused to fight
Communist leader Vladimir Lenin seizes power
March 1918 – Russia & Germany sign Treaty of
Brest-Litovsk
 Ends Russia’s involvement in WWI
Central Powers Collapses
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Russia’s withdrawal allowed for a one front
war
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March 1918: German launch one massive,
final attack (2nd Battle of the Marne)
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German war effort weakened
Allies counterattack – aid of U.S. troops
Central Powers Collapses
(cont.)
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Central Powers begin to struggle:
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German war effort weakens:
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Bulgarians & Ottoman Turks surrender
Revolution sweeps thru A-H
German soldiers mutinied
German public turns on Kaiser Wilhelm
Kaiser Wilhelm steps down from ruling
Germany declared a republic
Nov. 11, 1918 – Germany signs armistice
(agreement to end fighting)
The Legacy of the War
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A High Price
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War takes heavy toll; 8.5 million soldiers dead, 21
million wounded
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War devastates European economies, drains national
treasuries. ($ 338 billion)
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Many acres of land and homes, villages, towns
destroyed.
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Survivors suffer disillusionment and despair; reflected
in the arts.