Transcript The Cold War- Arms Race, Korea and Vietnam

The Cold WarArms Race, Korea and
Vietnam
The Arms Race Begins

In 1949, the
Soviets
developed the
atomic bomb.
Arms Race

In the 1950’s the
US developed the
first hydrogen
bomb, and the
Soviets released
the satellite
Sputnik.
Arms Race

Dwight D.
Eisenhower was
elected to succeed
Harry S. Truman
as president
Arms Race

Nikita Khrushchev
succeeded Josef
Stalin as Soviet
Premier
Arms race

In 1957, the
launch of the
satellite Sputnik
into space
drastically changes
the arms race
The U-2 Incident

In 1962, an
American pilot,
Gary Powers, was
searching over
Soviet territory in a
U-2 plane, which
was shot down by
Soviets.
Korea


A communist
supported
government
emerged in the
North
Non-communists
emerged in the
South
Korea

The Soviet Union
and China
supported the
North Korean
government.
Korea

The United
Nations and the
United States
supported the
south and helped
them against the
North.
Invasion of South Korea


North Korea attacked
South Korea.
North Korean forces
rapidly advanced
southward against
the ill-equipped
defenders, taking the
Southern capital
Seoul three days
after the invasion
began.
Counteroffensive

They cut off the North
Korean army at the
Port of Inchon. They
also forced their way
into the Pusan
perimeter. Seoul,
Korea’s capital, was
taken by the U.N.
forces on September
26th, 1950.
Chinese Offensive

The Chinese sent
troops to attack
the UN forces and
push them back in
a southward
disorderly retreat.
A Divided Korea

The War ended
with an armistice
signed in 1953.
Maintaining the
division of Korea
along the 38th
Parallel.
DMZ

The DMZ, or
demilitarized
zone, was an
area within 2
kilometers of the
armistice line
where no
military could go.
Casualties

U.N. casualties were
estimated at more
than 550,000 -while North Korean
and Chinese
casualties were
believed to be
around 1.5 million.
SEATO

The Southeast Asia
Treaty Organization
(SEATO), also
known as the
Southeast Asia
Collective Defense
Treaty or the Manila
Pact, was an
international
organization for
defensive
collaboration
established on
September 8, 1954.
Occupied Berlin

Berlin was
occupied by
France, Britain,
the U.S.S.R., and
the U.S.
Berlin Wall

West Berlin gave
East Germans a
glimpse of
Western society
including
democracy and
capitalism
Berlin Wall

East Germany
formally closed
the border with
West Berlin on
the morning of
August 13th,
1961.
“Ich bin ein Berliner”


On June 26th, 1963
US President John
F. Kennedy said “I
am a citizen of
Berlin.”
It was a clear
statement of U.S.
policy in the wake
of the Berlin Wall.
Vietnam

An international
peace conference
in Geneva
temporarily divided
Vietnam into a
communist-led
North and noncommunist South
after French
withdrawal.
North Vietnam

A communist
named Ho Chi Minh
governed North
Vietnam
South Vietnam


In the South, the
regime of President
Ngo Dinh Diem, an
autocratic anticommunist
determined to
resist the North.
He was murdered
by his own soldiers
on November 1st,
1963.
Gulf of Tonkin Incident

The U.S.S. Maddox
exchanged fire
with North
Vietnamese
torpedo boats in
the Gulf of Tonkin.
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

The Gulf of
Tonkin
Resolution
allowed Lyndon
Baines Johnson to
wage war in
Vietnam without a
Congressional
declaration of war.
The Ho Chi Minh Trail

The Ho Chi Minh
Trail was a
primitive but highly
effective supply
line that linked
North Vietnam with
it’s fighters and
supporters in the
south.
Tet Offensive

The Tet Offensive
consisted of North
Vietnamese attacks
that took place
during the Tet
holiday 1968.
End of the Vietnam Conflict

The Paris Peace Accords
on January 27, 1973
formally recognized the
sovereignty of both
sides. Under the terms
of the accords all
American combat troops
were withdrawn by
March 29, 1973. Limited
fighting continued, but
all major fighting ended
until the North once
again invaded in
strength and
overpowered the South
on April 30, 1975.
Cuba

Revolutionary
forces led by
Fidel Castro
overthrew the
Batista
government.
Bay of Pigs

The Bay of Pigs
invasion was a plan
to overthrow
Castro that was
presented to John
F. Kennedy soon
after his
inauguration in
1961.
Failure of Bay of Pigs


The US failed to
provide air
support to
invaders.
Castro’s remaining
air force quickly
destroyed ships
carrying vital
ammunition
supplies for the
invaders.
Cuban Missile Crisis

Nikita
Khrushchev
offered to
deploy Soviet
nuclear
missiles in
Cuba. Missiles
were found
100 miles from
the U.S.
Resolution in Cuba

The Soviet leader
offered to withdraw
his missiles from
Cuba -- if the
United States
promised never to
invade the island.