Transcript Treaty_of_Versailles-1

World War I was
On November 11, 1918, the
fought between the
Germany government
Allies & Central Powers agreed to an armistice &
from 1914 to 1918
World War I came to an end
World War I was the
Homes, farms, towns were
largest, most deadly,
destroyed; The war cost
& most destructive war $338 billion & most national
the world had yet seen
treasuries were empty
In 1919, representatives
The conference was
from 32 nations attended the led by the “Big Four”:
Paris Peace Conference to
Britain, France, Italy,
write a treaty to end the war & the United States
Neither
Central
Powers
U.S. Germany
President nor any of theFrench
Premier
were allowed
to attend…Russia
not
Woodrow
Wilson
Georgecould
Clemenceau
attend
because
they
already
quit
World
War
I
Italian Prime Minister
British Prime Minister
Vittorio Orlando
David Lloyd George
Britain
Creating
& France
a treaty would Britain
not be easy
& France
because
wanted
wanted
the to
major
weaken
powers had Germany
different agendas
to accept full
Germany so it could
blame, pay reparations, &
never go to war again
lose all overseas colonies
U.S. President Woodrow Wilson
disagreed the these harsh
British
Prime Minister
punishments
for GermanyFrench Premier
David
Lloyd
George
George
Clemenceau
President Wilson presented
Italian
Prime
Minister
U.S. President
his own
peace
proposal known
Vittorio
Woodrow Wilson
as theOrlando
Fourteen Points
President Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points, 1918
Points 1-5: Wilson hoped to eliminate the causes
of WWI & called for an end to secret treaties
(alliances), freedom of the seas, eliminating
imperial colonies, & reducing national militaries
Points 6-13: Wilson suggested changing national
boundaries, creating new nations, & allowing
self-determination so that the people of each
nation could decide their own form of government
Point 14: Wilson wanted a League of Nations…
…that would give all
nations an opportunity
to work out their
grievances without
resorting to war
Wilson hoped that a
League of Nations
could peacefully
negotiate solutions to
future conflicts
Britain & France disagreed These compromises led
with many of the Fourteen to an agreement known
Points so Woodrow Wilson as the Treaty of Versailles
had to compromise
The major provisions of the Versailles Treaty included:
A League of Nations
The League covenant
that would serve as an
included an agreement
international organization
that all member
to keep peace among nations
nations would work
The League also included an together to stop future
Court of International Justice
acts of aggression
to settle disagreements
The terms of the treaty severely punished Germany
Germany had to
Germany was forced to sign the
give up land in
“war guilt clause” accepting all
Europe & all of its blame for the war & pay $33 billion
overseas colonies
in reparations to the Allies
The German military was reduced to
100,000 troops, 6 warships, no submarines,
& could not manufacture war equipment
In
addition,
the
Treaty
of
Versailles
Land
was
taken
from
Germany
to create
Ottoman
Empire was
Central Europe was redrawn
redrewthe
the
map
ofofEurope
& the
Middle
Poland;
The
German-French
border
wasEast
Britain
& France
to reduce
power
the divided;
New nations
wereacreated
demilitarized
toEmpire
avoid
future invasion
gained
mandates in the
Austro-Hungarian
from territories that Russia gave
Middle East
up when it left the war early
The mandates gave Britain
Europe
& oil
the Middle East
& France control
over
Before
&
After
World
War
I
resources in the Middle East
On June 28, 1919, Germany & the major
Allied Powers signed the Treaty of Versailles
and World War I officially came to an end
Most nations
celebrated the official
end of World War I
But, Germans protested the
harsh terms & resented their
gov’t for signing the treaty
“Down with the
brutal peace!”
In the United States, reactions to
the Treaty of Versailles were mixed
According to the
U.S. Constitution,
only the Senate can
approve treaties
Many Senators feared
that signing the treaty
& joining the League
would force America
to become involved in
future wars
Members of the League of Nations (in black)
As a result, the USA
never signed the
treaty or joined the
League of Nations
The terms of the Versailles Treaty caused problems
& bitterness in many nations, especially Germany
The Treaty of Versailles
was said to be a “peace
built on quicksand”
The treaty did not address
the M.A.I.N. causes of WWI
The League of Nations did
not include the USA & its
leaders would do anything
to avoid another war
High unemployment &
desire for revenge would
lead to aggressive dictators
in the 1920s & 1930s