Transcript The Origins of American Politics 1789-1820

The Origins of American Politics
1789-1820
U.S. History I
Washington Heads the New
Government
 April 30, 1789: George Washington sworn in
as 1st President of the United States of
America.
Washington’s
Administration:
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John Adams: Vice President
Edmund Randolph: Attorney General
Henry Knox: Secretary of War
Thomas Jefferson: Secretary of State
Alexander Hamilton: Secretary of the
Treasury
George Washington’s confidence in the
new government“That the government, though not absolutely
perfect, is one of the best in the world, I have
little doubt…It was indeed next to a miracle
that there should have been so much
unanimity (agreement), in points of Citizens,
so widely scattered, and so different in their
habits in many respects as the Americans
were.”
Lasting impact of the Revolutionary
War:
 Sec of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton
 Goal: pay off debts & make country
economically stable
Hamilton’s Economic Plan:
 National gov’t assumed the debts
acquired by the states during the war
 Tariff would raise money
-Tax on imported goods (whiskey tax)
-Paid creditors interest
 Est. the Bank of the United States in
1791
First Bank of the United States
The nation’s new capitol: Washington D.C.
Whiskey Rebellion
 Western settlers’ uprising over the tax on
whiskey.
 Washington declares martial law…heads out
with 12,000 men to end the revolt
George Washington and his troops near Fort
Cumberland, Maryland, before their march to
suppress the Whiskey Rebellion in western
Pennsylvania.
A tax collector is tarred
and feathered during the
Whiskey Rebellion
Hamilton vs. Jefferson
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Loose Construction
– (Federalists)
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Strict Construction
– (Jeffersonian
Republicans)
Americans Split Over the French
Revolution
 Citizen Edmond Genet: French
minister to the US.
 Mission: win Americans’ support for
French
 Washington’s Proclamation of
Neutrality (pg. 5 packet)
Jay’s Treaty
Chief Justice John Jay
Between the US and Britain in which
Britain sought to improve trade relations
and agreed to withdraw from forts in the
Northwest Territory
The Election of 1796
• Washington chose not to run for a 3rd
term
• 1st true election:
John Adams (Federalists)
VS.
Thomas Jefferson (Republicans)
2nd President=Adams/VP=Jefferson
Adams as President
• French angry about Jay’s Treaty
– “Quasi-War”
• Seize American ships in French harbors
• Rioting in Philadelphia
• Wave of Immigrants
– French: escaping “Reign of Terror”
– Irish: anti-British
X,Y,Z Affair
Elbridge Gerry, Charles Pinckney, John
Marshall: go to Paris to patch things up
 Meet “secret agents” X,Y,Z
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– Demand $250,000 cash and $10 loan in order
to meet with the French foreign minister
The bribe and riot in Philadelphia
convinced Adams and the Federalists
that France was no longer a friend of the
United States!
VS
The Age of Jefferson
March 4, 1801: Sworn in as 3rd President
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Thomas Jefferson is the first President
inaugurated in the new capital city of
Washington D.C.
First Inaugural Address
(don’t need to copy down)
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Essential Principles of Government
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“equal and exact justice to all men”
“peace, commerce, and honest friendship with all
nations”
“the support of state governments”
“the preservation of general government”
punishment for those who choose to revolt
compliance with the decisions of the majority
Essential Principles of Government Cont…
(don’t need to copy down)
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“a well disciplined militia”
honest payment of debts
maintaining a sound economy
proper distribution of information
freedom of religion
freedom of the press
Jeffersonian Philosophy
Strict interpretation of
Constitution=weak central gov’t
 Small gov’t and less taxes
 Agricultural society
 Sided with the French
 Presidency with no trappings
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John Marshall’s Court (1801-1835)
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Sought to increase
Court’s and fed.
gov’t power
Federalist ideas
Marbury v. Madison
 Judicial review
McCullough v.
Maryland
 Implied powers
Supreme Court Chambers
Louisiana Purchase
France secretly acquired territory in
1800
 Napoleon willing to sell for war $
 Mission sent to buy N.O.
 Bought the whole territory for $15
million
 Purchasing land not mentioned in
Constitution
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April 30, 1803
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Robert Livingston & James Monroe signed the
Louisiana Purchase Treaty in Paris
The United States paid $15 million for the land,
roughly 4 cents per acre
The purchase added 828,000 square miles of land
west of the Mississippi to the United States
July 4 the Louisiana Purchase is publicly
announced
Lewis and Clark lead the
Corps of Discovery…
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January 18, 1803
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Jefferson asks Congress
for funds to explore the
land west of the
Mississippi
His goal is to find a water
route to the Pacific
May 1804
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Meriwether Lewis and
William Clark depart on
the expedition
Into the Unknown…
Barbary Wars
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May 1801
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Pasha of Tripoli declares war with the U.S. b/c
President Jefferson refused to make the
immediate payment of $225,000 and the annual
payment of $25,000.
On the 20th Jefferson sent the first naval fleet to
the area.
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The ships included the President, Philadelphia, Essex
and Enterprise
Maps of Barbary Wars & Tripoli
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1803 – Jefferson faces much criticism for his
decisions made regarding the war
The Philadelphia runs aground in the Tripoli
Harbor and it crew and captain are taken
captive
He is forced to make several command
changes.
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Realizing that there was no way to recapture
the Philadelphia, Commodore Preble devises
a plan to destroy the ship
February 4, 1804 the Philadelphia was
destroyed.
August 3, 1804 the first attack against Tripoli
took place when the Constitution’s guns fired
on the city.
September 1804 – the final battle took place
in the Tripoli Harbor
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September 1804 – Commodore Barron arrived
with backup for Commodore Preble
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Commodore Barron, who is senior in rank to Preble,
continued the blockade and started looking for a new way
to peace
Shortly after Commodore Barron arrive, Commodore
Preble retired
June 4, 1805 after the Pasha of Tripoli had
been replaced, a treaty was made with the
United States and the prisoners were released.