Transcript History-Imperialism-CH-10

America becomes a world power:
imperialism
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DEFINITION OF IMPERIALISM
The policy in which
stronger nations extend
their economic, political,
or military control over
weaker territories
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
Copyright © 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company.
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IMPERIALISM IN THE 19TH AND EARLY 20TH
CENTURIES
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PACIFIC ISLANDS “UP FOR GRABS”
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•Traditional foreign policy
•Definition of imperialism
•Reasons and
rationalizations for
imperialism
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TRADITIONAL UNITED STATES FOREIGN
POLICY WAS ISOLATIONIST
“It is our true policy
to steer clear of
permanent
alliances with any
portion of the
foreign world”
PRESIDENT GEORGE
WASHINGTON, 1796
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“Manifest destiny” extended beyond
the borders of the united states
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REASONS AND RATIONALIZATIONS FOR
IMPERIALISM
•To gain more power in the
international arena by following
the European example (Global
Competition)
•Missionary zeal
•To gain more wealth
•Desire for military strength
•Belief in cultural superiority
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Great Britain, a major world power, served
as a role model of an imperialist power
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SOCIAL DARWINISM
Based on Charles Darwin's theory of evolution
and the survival of the fittest but applied to
society and politics. The wealthy are the
strong and therefore have the right to rule
the poor who are weak. The united states as a
strong nation must dominate the weaker
nations.
philosopher Herbert
Spencer who
developed the
theory of social
Darwinism
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THE U.S. ACQUIRES
ALASKA
• In 1867, Secretary of State
William Steward arranged
for the United States to
buy Alaska from the
Russians for $7.2 million
• Some thought it was a silly
idea and called it
“Steward’s Icebox”
• Time has shown how
smart it was to buy Alaska
for 2 cents an acre
• Alaska is rich in timber,
minerals and oil
•Hawaii
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Missionaries from the U.S. went to Hawaii in
the late early 19th century
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Hawaii, Why?
•
•
•
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Missionary work
Perfect stop for ships on way to Asia
Sugar
Pearl Harbor
Queen Liliuokalani,
LAST QUEEN OF HAWAII
FORCED TO ABDICATE HER THRONE
IN 1894 UNDER PROTEST
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SANFORD DOLE
Became president of the republic of Hawaii after
the queen was overthrown. Hawaii was annexed as
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part of the u.s. in 1898
•Role of media
•U.S.S. Maine
•War in Cuba
•Philippines
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PROBLEMS BETWEEN CUBA AND THEIR SPANISH
RULERS DOMINATE AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY AT
THE END OF THE 19TH CENTURY
CUBA
CUBA, A COLONY OF
SPAIN SINCE THE
1500'S, THE CUBAN
PEOPLE REVOLTED
WHICH LED TO
YEARS OF WARFARE,
U.S. BECAME
INVOLVED
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American Interest in Cuba
• In 1854 Cuba was under control of Spain
• America wanted to buy it
• Cubans revolted against Spain but lost.
– Demanded slavery be outlawed
• Spain crushed Cubans
– put them in concentration camps
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YELLOW JOURNALISM
CARTOON
WHERE THE
TERM “YELLOW
JOURNALISM”
CAME FROM
IN 1898 NEWSPAPERS PROVIDED THE
PUBLIC WITH INFORMATION. PEOPLE
LACKED THE ABILITY TO VERIFY IF
THE STORIES WERE BIASED OR
INACCURATE AND THEREFORE
RELIED UPON NEWSPAPERS TO TELL
THE TRUTH. PULITZER AND HEARST
TOOK ADVANTAGE OF THE PUBLIC’S
IGNORANCE BY TWISTING THE TRUTH
TO SELL MORE NEWSPAPERS.
SENSATIONALIZED STORIES WERE
FEATURED HEAVILY IN THEIR
NEWSPAPERS SINCE EXCITING
HEADLINES INCREASED
CIRCULATION.
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Yellow journalism is a type of journalism that
downplays legitimate news in favor of eyecatching headlines that sell more
newspapers.
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PULITZER
HEARST
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NEWSPAPERS FOCUSED ON SPANISH
ATROCITIES TOWARDS THE CUBAN PEOPLE TO
IGNITE PASSIONS AGAINST SPAIN
SPANISH GENERAL
WEYLER WAS SEEN AS
A “BUTCHER” IN THE
US FOR HIS
TREATMENT OF THE
CUBAN PEOPLE
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ALL THAT WAS NEEDED TO START A WAR WAS A
SPARK AND THIS CAME ON FEBRUARY 15TH,
1898, IN HAVANA HARBOR.
USS MAINE IN HAVANA, CUBA HARBOR
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Yellow journalists were quick to blame the
Spanish
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What is the message of this
cartoon?
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U.S Demanded
• 6 month cease fire, and many other things.
• Did not matter
– America was thirsty for blood
– April 20, 1898 U.S. declares war on Spain
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US GATLING GUNS: AN EARLY TYPE OF
MACHINE GUN
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THEODORE ROOSEVELT AND THE “ROUGH
RIDERS” IN CUBA
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US FORCES CONQUER THE PHILIPPINES
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US OCCUPIES TWO MORE SPANISH
COLONIAL POSSESSIONS
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Treaty of Paris, 1898
• Ended the Spanish American War
– Granted independence of Cuba from Spain.
– U.S. helped with infrastructure.
– U.S. had right to use Cuba for military
– U.S. received Guam & Puerto Rico as
territories
– Spain sold Philippines to U.S. for $20 Million
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•Boxer rebellion
•Open door policy
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BOXER REBELLION, 1900
Boxers were a group of people who did not want
outside influences in China
Boxer rebel
BOXER SOLDIER
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Boxer troops entered the foreign
held Peking (Beijing)
The Boxers did not want foreigners to
control China
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An international force
retaliated and seized control
of Peking
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WHO ARE THE LAND GRABBERS? WHY DO YOU THINK UNCLE
SAM IS TRYING TO STOP THEM?
OPEN DOOR POLICY,
ALL NATIONS WOULD
HAVE EQUAL TRADING
RIGHTS IN CHINA,
SECRETARY OF STATE JOHN
HAY PROPOSED THIS IN 18991900
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Why did U.S. Do this?
– 1. the growth of U.S. economy depended on
its exports.
– 2. We felt we had right to intervene abroad to
keep foreign markets open.
– 3. The fear of closing an area of world to
trade would cripple U.S. economy.
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TEDDY ROOSEVELT’S FOREIGN
POLICY
“Speak softly and carry a big stick”
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WHAT INTERNATIONAL ROLE DID ROOSEVELT
ENVISION FOR THE UNITED STATES?
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MONROE DOCTRINE,
ISSUED BY PRESIDENT
MONROE IN 1823, IT
FORBADE THE
ESTABLISHMENT OF
NEW COLONIES IN
THE AMERICAS
VENEZUELA CRISIS,
TWO DISPUTES
BETWEEN BRITAIN
AND VENEZUELA AND
LATER SEVERAL
NATIONS AND
VENEZUELA, THE U.S.
STEPPED
IN AND WE WERE
SEEN AS A POWER IN
THE REGION
ROOSEVELT COROLLARY, Theodore
Roosevelt added this to the Monroe
Doctrine stating that the US COULD
INTERVENE WHEN THE STABILITY
OF ANY LATIN AMERICAN
NATION WAS IN QUESTION
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•The need for a canal ,Why?
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US INTERESTS TURNED TOWARD CENTRAL AMERICA AND A
QUICKER WAY OF MOVING SHIPS BETWEEN THE EAST AND
WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA
15,000 MILES
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ADVANTAGE OF AN ISTHMIAN CANAL
8,000 miles
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PANAMA, A PROVINCE OF COLOMBIA, WAS CHOSEN
FOR THE SITE OF THE PROPOSED CANAL
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Big Problem!
• Columbia controlled Panama and wouldn’t
sell the land to U.S. for the proposed $40
million.
• U.S. helped Panama declare
independence.
• Problem solved
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ROOSEVELT’S SOLUTION WAS TO SUPPORT
A PANAMANIAN REVOLUTION
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In Cuba dr. Gorgas
learned yellow fever
was transmitted through
mosquitoes. his discovery
allowed the canal to be
built.
1905 fumigation car
eradicating
the mosquitoes
WILLIAM C. GORGAS
1905 Yellow
Fever Quarantine
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Construction of the canal
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51 miles long, 43,000 workers,
5,600 deaths, $380 million to build
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PRESIDENT
ROOSEVELT VISITS
THE CANAL
CONSTRUCTION
SITE IN 1906
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Mira Flores, Panama
• Locks are 1,000 ft
long
• 110 ft wide
• 41 ft deep
• 170 ft elevation
change
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1914 Opening of the Panama
Canal
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Panama canal today
http://www.pancanal.com/eng/photo/camera-java.html
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