Transcript BELL QUIZ: USE PAGES 605-608

Objectives
The Student Will (TSW)…
1) Explain the breakdown of relations between
the U.S. and Soviet Union after WWII.
2) Summarize the steps taken to contain Soviet
influence.
3) Describe how the Truman Doctrine and
Marshall Plans deepened Cold War tensions.
4) Explain how conflicts over Germany increased
fear of Soviet aggression.
Essential Questions
Why did the United States and the Soviet Union
become enemies after World War Two?
How did this impact the two nations and the
rest of the World?
Big Idea
The Cold War between the United States and
the Soviet Union influenced the people,
government, and diplomacy with nations
throughout the World.
COLD WAR 1945-1992
Definition: the state of hostility, without direct
military conflict, that developed between the
U.S. and the Soviet Union after WWII.
Soviet Union and U.S. mistrust
• The Soviets and the Americans mistrusted each other even
though they were allies in WWII. WHY?
1) Soviets upset about not being invited to Treaty of
Versailles (peace treaty ending WWI).
2) Soviets were stripped of their colonies in Finland, Estonia,
Latvia, and Lithuania.
3) Soviets resent the U.S. delay in attacking Germany in
Europe. (didn’t happen until June 6, 1944)
4) Soviets find out that we secretly developed the atomic
bomb.
5) U.S. worried that spreading communism to America would
result in loss of private property, constitutional rights, and
a free enterprise economic system.
What is Communism?
• Theory:
A) The Social class with the economic power also
had social and political power.
B) There are 2 classes of people in every society:
The “Haves” and the “Have-Nots”.
Capitalists (Haves): own capital-land, money, and
machinery.
Workers: (Have-Nots): own only their labor.
Communism
• In 1919 Vladimir Lenin led the successful
Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, installing
communism.
• Communism: A) economic and political system
based on a 1 party government ruled by a
dictatorship. B) Private Property is confiscated
and turned over to the state to equalize power
and wealth. C) Government own all factories
and businesses, controlling production and
prices.
Partner Up: Use pages 604-608 to
answer the following questions
1) What happened at Potsdam?
2) What was the essence of the disagreement
between the U.S. and Soviet Union in Europe?
3) What was the Truman Doctrine and Marshal
Plan?
4) What caused Stalin to close access to Berlin?
5) How did the allies get supplies to West Berlin?
UNITED NATIONS (UN)
• On June 26, 1945, the
representatives of 50
nations sign a charter in
San Francisco establishing a
peace keeping organization
similar, but stronger, to the
League of Nations.
• Headquarters are in NYC.
• 5 nations have veto power:
U.S., Soviet Union, China,
Great Britain, and France.
POTSDAM CONFERENCE
• The Big 3: Stalin (Soviet
Union), Truman (U.S.), and
Clement Attlee (Great
Britain) meet in June 1945
at the final wartime
conference.
• Stalin promises to allow free
elections in all European
countries currently
occupied by Soviet military
forces.
• He lied. By July all Eastern
European countries had
communist governments
w/out elections ever being
held.
THE IRON CURTAIN
• Truman’s post WWII
goal was to spread
democracy to all
nations.
• Stalin wanted a buffer
zone between them and
Western Europe to be
free from future
invasions.
• Stalin also wanted to
rebuild his economy by
taking raw materials
from Eastern Europe.
SATELLITE NATIONS
• The 8 Eastern European
communist nations
dominated by the Soviet
Union were: East
Germany, Poland,
Hungary, Romania,
Bulgaria, Yugoslavia,
Albania, and
Czechoslovakia.
• The “Iron Curtain” is the
imaginary wall separating
West and East Europe
(Democracy vs.
Communism).
THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE
• In 1947, President Truman gives $400 million
in economic and military aid to Greece and
Turkey.
• Wanted to help them rebuild after WWII and
“support free peoples who are resisting
communist takeovers.”
GEORGE KENNAN AND CONTAINMENT
• In February 1946 the U.S.
implemented the policy
of containment.
• Containment= attempt
to block communism
from expanding into
other countries by using
any possible means.
THE MARSHALL PLAN
• The U.S. (proposed by Secretary of State
George Marshall) gives $13 billion in aid to 16
European countries that were devastated by
WWII.
• Purpose: 1-fight against hunger, poverty,
desperation, and chaos. 2-keep Western
European countries from becoming
communist.
ALLIED OCCUPATION OF GERMANY
• At the conclusion of WWII
Germany had been divided
in half.
• The Soviet Union occupied
the eastern half. The U.S.,
Great Britain, and France
occupied the western half.
• Berlin, the capital, was also
divided in half even though
it was located in the Soviet
occupied eastern region.
Soviets controlled East
Berlin.
BERLIN AIRLIFT
• In June 1948, Stalin closes
all highways and railroads
into West Berlin from
West Germany.
• No food or fuel can get
into the city.
• 2.1 million residents only
had enough food and
supplies to last 5 weeks.
• Stalin is trying to starve
the citizens into joining
sides with the
communist.
THE BERLIN AIRLIFT
• The United States and
Great Britain broke the
blockade by flying 2.3
million tons of food and
supplies in to West Berlin
on 277,000 flights in 327
days. That’s 847 flights
per day!!
• The U.S. was daring the
Soviets to shoot down the
planes. They didn’t, so
the Soviets looked “soft”
to the world.
• The U.S. were the “good
guys” and the “heroes.”
NATO
• The North Atlantic Treaty
Organization:
10 Western European countries
form a defensive treaty with
the U.S. and Canada to
protect against communism
invasions and takeovers.
*Belgium, Denmark, France,
Great Britain, Iceland, Italy,
Luxembourg, the
Netherlands, Norway, and
Portugal.
*Maintains 500,000 troops and
thousands of planes, tanks,
and other equipment.