Transcript Chap 25-26 notes

This Day in History
March 2nd, 1962 - Wilt Chamberlain scored 100
points against the New York Knicks 169-147.
Chap 25
Cold War Begins
I.
1945 starting point
A. Critical Year
1. Feb. 1945 Yalta Conference Stalin agreed to free elections in Poland,
Bulgaria, Romania
2. April 1945 United Nations created (U.S., G.B., Soviet Union, China,
France all having permanent seats. All military action MUST be
approved by UN Security Council)
3. July 1945 Potsdam Conference split Germany into zones of control
B. Post War goals
1. U.S. wants open world for
producing goods.
2. Soviet Union want satellite
nations. (to protect from
invasion and help
economically)
3. March 5, 1946 Churchill
“iron curtain” speech.
II. Facing the Challenge
A. Truman Doctrine (March 1947)
1. Containment of Soviet Union expansion as well as communism
It is the policy of the United States to
support free people who are resisting
attempted subjugation….
-Truman Doctrine March 12, 1947
B. Marshall Plan (April 1948)
1. Countries would create economic plans for recovery after the War.
(U.S. set over $10 billion to help as needed)
2. Soviet Union invited to help (Stalin says no)
3. U.S. sends $400 million in aid to Greece and Turkey.
C. Berlin closed off (1948)
1. G.B., U.S., France merge zones to create Federal Republic of
Germany
2. Soviet Union creates the Democratic Republic of Germany.
3. Western currency introduced and Soviets block the city from
West.
4. June, 1948 Truman orders
airlift of Supplies during
blockade (15 months)
D. Alliances Form
1. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
was established on Apr. 4, 1949
(Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France,
Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, the United Kingdom, and the United States Greece and
Turkey joined later in 1952 and the Federal Republic of Germany joined treaty in 1955. Finally, Spain in 1982
2. Soviet Union forms the Warsaw Pact, 1955.
Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), Hungary, Poland, and Romania
Soviet Union,
III. Communism spreads
A. China
1. Mao Zedong and Chiang Kai-shek had worked together to fight
against Japanese.
2. 1946-1949 Civil War. Mao, backed by Soviet Union defeats Shek,
forms People’s Republic of China.
3. Shek flees to Island of Taiwan claiming it as the legitimate
government of China.
This Day in History
March 4th, 1917 - Jeanette Rankin of Montana
took her seat as the first woman elected to the
House of Representatives.
B. Korea
1. Korea split at 38th Parallel,
North controlled by Soviets
and South controlled by the
U.S.
2. 1950 Northern troops invade
South to reunite Korea.
3. MacArthur placed in Command of
U.N. troops.
4. Nov. 1950 China sends 300,000
soldiers into Korea
C. MacArthur fired.
1. Truman wanted a “limited War”- containment
2. MacArthur wanted to use nuclear weapons against China.
3. MacArthur sends a letter to congress hoping to persuade the President.
4. Truman fires MacArthur for insubordination.
D. Peace Talks July 1953
1. 2 more years of fighting ends in
settlement near the 38th parallel.
2. 1953 Eisenhower becomes
president.
3. Eisenhower threatens possible
use of Bomb.
4. July 27th, 1953 armistice signed
IV. Cold War Expands
A. Arms Race
1. 1945 U.S. only country with atomic bomb
2. Sept 2nd, 1949 Soviet Union detonates atomic bomb.
3. Oct. 30, 1961 Soviets “Tsar Bomb”, 1400 times stronger than both
bombs dropped on Japan.
B. Eisenhower responds
1. “Massive retaliation” , build up of military.
2. Brinkmanship- willing to go to the edge of war,
to prevent war.
3. 1953, At home he passes Interstate Highway act.
March 12th, 1959 - The U.S. House joined
the U.S. Senate in approving the statehood
of Hawaii.
C. Stalin’s Death
1. 1953, Stalin dies
2. 1955, Russian leader Nikita Khrushchev,
discuss “peaceful co-existence”
II. Cold war expands to the Skies
A. Planes used for Atomic bomb
delivery.
B. 1957 Soviet’s launch Sputnik,
the first artificial satellite.
C.1958, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
created.
III. SPIES
A. Soviet Union
1. May 1st, 1960 U.S. spy plane shot down over Soviet air Space.
2. Pilot Francis Gary Powers convicted of espionage.
3. Eisenhower at first denies it.
CIA VS KGB
B. McCarthyism (Loyal or not)
1. House of Un-American Activities Commission (HUAC) formed in 1938,. Hunting
for Communist/Spies (Red Scare)
C. The Trials
1. 1947, “Hollywood Ten”
2. 1950, Ethel and Julius Rosenberg.
IV. Post War U.S.A
A. Baby Boom
1. Economic Prosperity
2. Soldiers Return Home
B. Entertainment
1. TV and Radio