Transcript Day 2 4.2 The Spanish American War - Mr

Unit: Becoming a World Power
What will we learn today?
11.2.7 Analyze the similarities and differences between Social Darwinism and Social
Gospel.
11.3.2 Religious revivals of the 19th century
11.4.2 Describe the Spanish American War and the U.S. expansion in the South Pacific.
What is an
outrageous news
story that was later
proven to be untrue?
Why do you think this
story was made up in
the first place?
2
Unit: Becoming a World Power
What will we learn today?
11.2.7 Analyze the similarities and differences between Social Darwinism and Social Gospel.
11.3.2 Religious revivals of the 19th century
11.4.2 Describe the Spanish American War and the U.S. expansion in the South Pacific.
What are acceptable
reasons for the
United States to
become involved in a
foreign war?
3
1. List the events that led to the SpanishAmerican War
2. Understand how Theodore Roosevelt’s
fame grew due to his actions during the
war
 What impact did the Spanish American
War have on American imperialism?
 After the explosion of the U.S.S. Maine,
the United States defeated Spain in a
war and acquired new territories,
changing the fate of other nations.
• In 1898 the United
States went to war
with Spain in the
Spanish-American
War.
• The United States
gained territories in
the Caribbean and
Pacific.
Plus many other colonies!!!
 In the late 1890s, Cubans
rebelled against Spain. Led by
Jose Marti
 Conflict widely reported in
U.S. newspapers, especially by
publishers Joseph Pulitzer and
William Randolph Hearst
Printed sensational, often
exaggerated news stories:
technique called yellow
journalism
Stories helped increase
public support for military
action
 William McKinley, a supporter
of Cuban independence, was
elected in 1896.
Joseph Pulitzer
 Americans supported Cuba-
Revolutionary war and opposed
the actions of Spain
 Media’s Role
 William Randolph Hearst- Publisher-
New York Journal
 Joseph Pulitzer- Publisher –
York World
New
 Yellow Journalism- Scandalous
stories and shocking illustrations.
Competition to sell newspapers.
 Both papers put their support behind
the Cuban rebels.
William Randolph Hearst
 “I would like to build something upon the hill
at San Simeon. I get tired of going up there
and camping in tents. I’m getting a little too
old for that. I’d like to get something that
would be a little more comfortable”
William Randolph Hearst
56 bedrooms,
61 bathrooms,
19 sitting rooms
“You furnish the pictures
and I’ll furnish the war.”
--William Randolph Hearst
January
1898
February 15,
1898
The United States sends the battleship USS
Maine to Havana Harbor to protect U.S. citizens
and economic interests in Cuba.
USS Maine sunk; newspapers blame Spain.
April 20,
1898
Congress passes a resolution declaring Cuba
independent and demand that Spain leave. They
also passed the Teller Amendment, which said
that the United States had no interest in
controlling Cuba.
April 20,
1898
United States declares war on Spain.
• The de Lome Letter- Written by Spain’s minister to
the U.S. Hearst printed it in the paper.
• The letter accused McKinley or being “weak and catering
•
•
•
•
•
to the rabble.”
Americans looked at this as an insult.
“Jingoes” people who loved to see a fight, they wanted
war.
“Maine” sent to Havana harbor to protect lives and
property of Americans (Sugar Plantations).
February 15, 1898- “Maine” blows up. “Remember the
Maine!”
McKinley demands Spain give Cuba its independence.
Spain refuses and we declare war.
“Remember the Maine!”
 February 15, 1898
USS Maine exploded in
Havana Harbor killing
266 Americans
Yellow Journalism blamed
the Spanish
Draw a picture of the explosion
of the U.S.S. Maine.
What is yellow journalism?
Sensational, exaggerated
news stories meant to
increase support for
military action
What is a modern day example of
yellow journalism?
Who were the two
publishers who practiced
yellow journalism?
Joseph Pulitzer and
William Randolph Hearst
 Cuba and
Philippines (both
colonies of
Spain)
 Rebels in both
Cuba and
Philippines aided
America in their
fight against the
Spanish.
 Filipinos believed
they were
fighting for their
independence
 The U.S. Navy won a quick victory over
the Spanish Pacific fleet in the Philippines
on May 1, 1898.
No US men were killed in battle.
Had to wait for additional troops to be
sent to secure the Philippines.
 On August 13, U.S. troops and Filipino
rebels led by Emilio Aguinaldo took
control of the Philippine capital of Manila.
U.S. Army unprepared
for Spanish-American
War
Troops had to be
increased—from
28,000 to 280,000.
Did not have enough
rifles, bullets, or
uniforms
Harsh living
conditions
400 killed in battle;
2,000 died of disease
 Rough Riders were a group
of volunteers commanded
by Theodore Roosevelt.
 Admired by American
people for heroism
 Contributed to solid U.S.
victories at Santiago and
Kettle Hill
 Spanish Caribbean fleet was
destroyed on July 3, 1898.
 U.S. troops invaded Puerto
Rico in mid-July.
 Spain signed a cease-fire
agreement on August 12,
1898.
Who were the two publishers who practiced yellow journalism?
What event led America to
declare war on Spain?
Attack on the U.S.S. Maine
What really sunk the Maine?
The coal holding in the ship
combusted
Where was the SpanishAmerican War fought?
1. Cuba
2. Philippines
• Spain gave up all claims to Cuba.
• The United States gained territory in
Puerto Rico and Guam.
• Spain turned over the Philippines for
$20 million.
• Territorial gains strengthened the
military and economic position of the
United States.
Philippine American War
(Philippine Insurrection) 18991902
 US fights a guerrilla war for
control of the islands
 Following the conclusion of
major hostilities, the U.S.
did it's best to
"Americanize" the
Philippines.
 The Philippines became an
independent nation on July
4, 1946.
 Sweet victory for the U.S.- John Hay ambassador
to Great Britain in a letter to Theodore Roosevelt
called it “A splendid little war”.
 Costs to the U.S.
 $250 million and over
2,000 soldier deaths
(mostly from yellow
fever)
 Huge payoff for U.S.U.S. now an
imperialistic nation- an
expansionists delight.
 US Gains: Puerto Rico,
Guam, and Philippines
Platt Amendment
 U.S. passes law that basically makes
Cuba a US protectorate.
Who were the Rough
Riders (1) and who was
their leader(2)?
1. Volunteer unit of soldiers
2. Teddy Roosevelt
How did most US soldiers
in Cuba die?
Disease
What territories did the
U.S. gain from their victory
in the Spanish-American
War?
Philippines, Guam and
Puerto Rico
Why did the Filipinos fight
the US?
They wanted independence
Why was it a splendid little
war?
Big payoff for U.S. Gained
lots of territory
The Century
 36:00 to 39:20
The Simpsons - Teddy
 5:36 to 11:45
•Make up your own Yellow Journalism story
about the plight of the Cubans and the
explosion of the Maine.
•REMBEMBER you want to sell newspapers,
you want to spice it up!
•Use these words:War, Spain, Cuba,
America, Jose Marti, Guam, Puerto
Rico, Philippines.