Transcript 5-7 Ch 27 Sec 3.2 Carter

Ch 27 Sec 3.2: Jimmy Carter
____________ - created to deal with the energy crisis the
nation was facing in the late 1970s due to extreme weather
and dependency on foreign nations for oil.
____________ - Niagara Falls, NY neighborhood that was a
dumping ground for toxic waste
____________ - power plant in Pennsylvania that experienced
a radiation leak heightening the fear of nuclear energy
____________ - In an attempt to get peace in the Middle East,
Egypt becomes the first Arab nation to recognize Israel’s
right to exist due to negotiations organized by Carter
____________ - due to the Soviet Union’s invasion of this
nation, Jimmy Carter ordered that the US boycotted the
1980 Summer Olympics that were to be held in Moscow
____________ - Americans are held hostage for 444 days due
to Carter allowing the shah of Iran to get medical treatment
in the United States. Nightly protests of Iranian students
led by the Ayatollah Khomeini and a failed rescue attempt
paralyze Carter’s presidency.
Textbook Assignment (pp.820-22/pp.846-47)
Ch 26 Sec 4: The Environmental Movement
1) What tipped off the residents of Love Canal that
something was wrong with their neighborhood and
what did they expect the government to do about it?
2) How did the accident at Three Mile Island have an
impact on nuclear energy in this country?
Ch 27 Sec 3: Carter Battles the Economic Crisis
1) What appealed American voters to Jimmy Carter in
the 1976 Presidential election?
2) What were some of the circumstances that led to an
energy crisis during the Carter Administration?
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Chapter Objectives
Section 3: Carter Battles the Economic Crisis
• Explain the reasons for economic troubles in
the United States during the 1970s. 
• Discuss Jimmy Carter’s domestic and foreign
policies.
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Guide to Reading
Main Idea
During the late 1970s, President Jimmy Carter
attempted to lead the United States through both
domestic and foreign crises.
Key Terms and Names
• Department of
Energy
• blizzard
• Love Canal
• Three Mile Island
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The Bicentennial Election
• Carter was a one term governor of Georgia and
former peanut farmer who promised to restore
honesty and morality to the federal government.
• After winning the
Presidency and
taking the oath
of office, Carter
demonstrated
that he was a
“man of the
people” by
walking from the
Capitol to the
White House.
(pages 846–847)
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All in the Family
For the first time in American history, the President’s family become
part of pop culture, with Carter’s brother Billy being an admitted
“redneck” and using his new fame to make some money for himself.
"Beer is not a good cocktail-party drink, especially in a home
where you don't know where the bathroom is."
Carter Battles the Economic Crisis
• President Carter focused most of his attention on the
energy crisis. His efforts were unsuccessful.
• Carter proposed
a national
energy program
to conserve oil
and to promote
the use of coal
and renewable
energy sources.
• He had
Congress create
the Department
of Energy.
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Carter Battles the Economic Crisis
• He asked Americans to
reduce energy
consumption, which most
Americans ignored.
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Carter vs. Mother Nature
When President Carter entered the
office not only did he have to face
the energy crisis but he also had to
deal with two of the coldest winters in
United States history with the
Blizzards of 1977 and 1978.
Carter’s Environmental Challenges
• Residents at a local
housing development near
Niagara Falls, New York,
known as Love Canal,
began noticing a high
incidence of health
problems within their
community.
(pages 820–822)
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Carter’s Environmental Challenges
• It was
discovered that
the community
was on a toxic
waste dump.
(pages 820–822)
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Carter’s Environmental Challenges
• Through dramatic community activism, the state
permanently relocated 200 families.
• President Jimmy Carter later relocated the remaining
600 families.
(pages 820–822)
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Carter’s Environmental Challenges
• Issues regarding nuclear energy were debated.
• Supporters of
nuclear energy
claimed it was
cleaner and less
expensive than
fossil fuels, such
as coal, oil, or
natural gas, which
have a limited
supply.
• Opponents warned
of risks, including
consequences of an
accidental radiation
release.
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(pages 820–822)
Carter’s Environmental Challenges
• On March 28, 1979, one of the reactors at the Three
Mile Island nuclear facility overheated, causing low
levels of radiation to escape.
• Although the plant
was eventually
declared safe, the
incident left the
public in doubt
about the safety of
nuclear energy.
(pages 820–822)
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Carter Battles the Economic Crisis
• Scholars have suggested
that Carter’s difficulties in
solving the nation’s
economic and
environmental problems
were the result of his lack
of leadership and inability
to work with Congress.
(pages 846–847)
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“It’s clear that the true problems of our nation are much
deeper -- deeper than gasoline lines or energy shortages,
deeper even than inflation or recession. And I realize more
than ever that as President I need your help…….. The
erosion of our confidence in the future is threatening to
destroy the social and the political fabric of America. ”
President Jimmy Carter
July 20th, 1979
This feature is found on pages 730–731 of your textbook.
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Carter Battles the Economic Crisis
• A 1979 public opinion poll showed that Carter’s
popularity had dropped lower than President Nixon’s
rating during Watergate.
(pages 846–847)
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Carter’s Foreign Policy
• President
Carter’s foreign
policy focused
on human rights.
• He wanted a
“Morality in
Diplomacy”
• Carter won Senate
ratification of two
Panama Canal
treaties, which
transferred control
of the canal to
Panama on
December 31,
1999.
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(pages 847–849)
Carter’s Foreign Policy (cont.)
• In 1978 Carter helped
get a historic peace
treaty, known as the
Camp David
Accords, signed
between Israel and
Egypt.
• Most Arab nations in
the region opposed
the treaty, but it
marked the first step
toward peace in the
Middle East.
(pages 847–849)
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Carter’s Foreign Policy (cont.)
• President Carter singled out the Soviet Union as a violator
of human rights because of its practice of imprisoning
people who protested against the government.
(pages 847–849)
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Carter’s Foreign Policy (cont.)
• Tensions
deepened as the
Soviet Union
invaded the
Central Asian
nation of
Afghanistan in
December 1979.
(pages 847–849)
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Carter’s Foreign Policy (cont.)
• Carter responded with
an embargo on grain
to the Soviet Union
and a boycott of the
Summer Olympic
Games in Moscow.
(pages 847–849)
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New Alliances for the 80s
With the Soviets invading
Afghanistan and being a threat to oil
reserves in the Middle East, in the
1980s the United States government
looked for the help of Afghanistan
rebels against the Soviet Union.
Carter’s Foreign Policy (cont.)
• Since 1953, Mohammed
Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran
had historically been
supported by the United
States due to his prowestern philosophy and
the security of Iranian oil
reserves (60% of Iran’s
oil went to the U.S.).
(pages 847–849)
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Carter’s Foreign Policy (cont.)
• In January 1979, the Shah, was forced to flee due to
his pro-western views and his secret police actions
against those that did not follow him.
• As a result, an Islamic republic was declared.
(pages 847–849)
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Carter’s Foreign Policy (cont.)
• February 1st, 1979 Muslim fundamentalist
leader Ayatollah
Khomeini returns to Iran
after 15 years in exile in
Paris
• He distrusted the United
States due to its past
support for the Shah.
(pages 847–849)
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Carter’s Foreign Policy (cont.)
• The Shah who is living in exile and wanted by the
current Iranian government for crimes against their
people is diagnosed with cancer and asks for
permission to come to the United States for treatment.
(pages 847–849)
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Carter’s Foreign Policy (cont.)
• October 22, 1979
Jimmy Carter gives the
Shah permission to
enter the United States
for treatment.
• The Ayatollah declares
that America is “The
Great Satan” and “An
Enemy of Islam”.
(pages 847–849)
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Carter’s Foreign Policy (cont.)
• November 4th, 1979 – 400 student revolutionaries
entered the American embassy in Tehran and take 66
Americans hostage.
• The Iranians demand that the Shah is returned to stand
trial for his crimes against the Iranian people.
(pages 847–849)
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Current President of Iran involved?
Some historians argue that one of the students that was involved
in the embassy takeover was current Iranian President Mahmoud
Ahmadinejad. Although he has denied any personal involvement
in the taking of the embassy, some photographic evidence
suggests that he may of in fact been there.
Carter’s Foreign Policy (cont.)
• November 19th, 1979 – The Iranians release 13 of
the hostages because they were either women or
African Americans. One other hostage was released
because he was diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis.
(pages 847–849)
“This was only to last a few hours”
The initial takeover plan was to hold
the embassy for only a few hours,
but it soon changed. Khomeini made
no comment on the occupation for
several days, and due to his silence
and lack of condemnation, the
students held it longer.
The Ayatollah never ordered the
takeover, he only asked for the
students to display their anger
towards United States and Israeli
interests. Yet once Carter did not
make an immediate military strike
(as many feared) the crisis
continued.
Carter’s Foreign Policy (cont.)
• Dec 15, 1979 - The Shah, still ill, leaves the United
States and flies to what is called temporary exile in
Panama.
• Panama is the only nation willing to help Carter,
largely due to his canal deal with them earlier.
(pages 847–849)
The birth of
The ABC News television show “Nightline” was originally put on
the air as a nightly update of the Iranian hostage crisis. Every
night after the local news they would give updates on the situation.
Carter’s Foreign Policy (cont.)
• March 23, 1980 - The United States is preparing to
extradite the Shah back to Iran but before they can
he leaves Panama for Cairo, accepting an invitation
for medical treatment and sanctuary by Egyptian
President Anwar Sadat.
(pages 847–849)
Carter’s Foreign Policy (cont.)
• April 25, 1980 – A U.S. military mission to rescue the
hostages by force (Operation Eagle Claw) is
cancelled in the desert outside of Tehran due to
weather concerns as two helicopters crash into one
another killing eight U.S. servicemen.
(pages 847–849)
Carter’s Foreign Policy (cont.)
• July 27, 1980 – The Shah of Iran dies of cancer in
Egypt.
(pages 847–849)
Carter’s Foreign Policy (cont.)
• September 22, 1980
– Knowing that the
hostage crisis in Iran
is leaving them
diplomatically
isolated, Iraq
invades Iran
sparking a war
which will last the
rest of the decade.
(pages 847–849)
New Alliances for the 80s
Knowing that a war with
Iraq will help us against
Iran as well as guarantee
secured oil supplies, the
United States builds
relations by selling
weapons to Iraq during the
war.
The U.S. will also later on
sell weapons to the
Ayatollah in Iran to help
negotiate the release of
hostages during the “IranContra” controversy.
Carter’s Foreign Policy (cont.)
• The Iranian hostage
crisis will leave the
Carter presidency
paralyzed for the rest of
his term.
• With the poor economy
and various foreign
policy disasters, the
American spirit is
wounded by 1980 and
his reelection is looked
at as very unlikely.
(pages 847–849)