Transcript Manifest Destiny

Mr. Beward
HIS 108
 The Death of Harrison
 Allowed Henry Clay and Daniel Webster to fill cabinet
 Died of pneumonia after 6 ½ hour inaugural speech in a
March rainstorm
 First President to die while in office
 John Tyler becomes President
 Domestic Affairs
 Overturned Van Buren’s Independent Treasury Act
 Enacted Third Bank of the United States
 Earned anger of Whigs
 Foreign Affairs
 Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842—border between
Maine and Canada
The Webster-Ashburton Treaty, 1842
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 Manifest Destiny
 America from East Coast to Rocky Mountains
 Only Oregon Territory and Spanish America kept the US
from spanning the continent
 For many, this seemed to be America’s destiny
 Western Indians
 Settlement in Louisiana Territory and other places
constrained by Indians
 Quarrels with other Indians and settlers
 Tribes feeling very threatened
 The Spanish West and Mexican Independence
 Spanish colonies with self-rule like during English Civil
War
 Most declared freedom from crown
 1811—Mexico declares independence
 The Rocky Mountains and Oregon Country
 By 1820s fur trappers and trappers pushed west
 Too aggressive in hunting of beaver
 Most cut off from civilization and enjoying
independence
 The Settlement of California
 Originally by Spanish in 1769 to prevent Russians from
gaining a foothold in the region
 California Missions
 Spanish missionaries sent to convert the natives
 Missions overseen by the Franciscan order
 Buildings constructed as churches, fortresses and
barracks
 Overwhelming force used to control natives and force
them to provide labor
 Early Development of California
 Governor appointed to oversee California
 Spanish saw California as too important to lose
 Before discovery of gold, less than 800 American settlers
lived in California
 The Santa Fe Trail
 Mexican trade with United States
 Santa Fe, Mexico to St. Louis, Missouri
 Scarcity of water and abundance of hostile Indians
 The Overland Trails
 New settlers followed paths laid by trailblazers
 Earlier pioneers who had made the same journey
Wagon Trails West
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 The Indians and Great Plains Ecology
 Indians incensed—attacks on wagon trains
 Government orders Army to build forts for settler
protection
 Great Plains drought causes slaughter of buffalo to trade
with settlers and forts—buffalo nearly extinct
 The Donner Party
 Most horrific story of the Overland Trails
 Group lost on the way to California
 Resorted to cannibalism before the group finally rescued
 The Pathfinder: John Frémont
 Discovered trails that other made before him
 Received funding from father-in-law—Senator Thomas
Hart Benton of Missouri
 Mapped much of the western half on the continent
 American Settlements
 By 1830s, Americans already settling Texas
 Settlers OK as long as they also become Mexican
citizens
 Whites eventually outnumber Mexicans
 Americans settlers angered by attempts to control
immigration and outlaw slavery
 Texas Independence
 3-2-1836—Texas declares independence from Mexico
 Sam Houston leads Texas army
 4-21-1836 Texas wins at San Jacinto and gains
independence
 Negotiations for Annexation
 Texas immediately appeals to join the United States
 Rejected for nine years
 Finally accepted for statehood in 1845
 The Election of 1844
 Polk uses the annexation of Texas as a campaign issue
 Whigs—no; Democrats—yes
 Polk, as a Democrat, runs on Manifest Destiny and wins
 Polk’s Program
 Overturn the Third Bank of the United States
 Annexation of Texas
 Removal of California from Mexican hands
The Election of 1844
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 The State of California
 Tyler signs annexation of Texas before leaving office
 Mexicans send troops to Rio Grande border
 Oregon
 Joint occupation with Britain no longer acceptable due
to expansion
 Polk works with British, who want to avoid war at all
costs
 Agreement reached
The Oregon Dispute, 1818–1846
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 The Outbreak of War
 Bad relations between Mexico and US over Texas
 Polk sends troops to Rio Grande to protect new
Americans
 Problems with border—Mexicans say that border is
north of Rio Grande
 Hostilities start when the troops meet
 Opposition to the War
 West and South want the war
 New England oppose it and call it “Mr. Polk’s War”
 Preparing for Battle
 Both sides not really ready for war
 US had an easier time recruiting soldiers and was better
supplied
 Four-front war (New Mexico, California, Texas and
Mexico)
 Two years of fighting
 The Annexation of Texas
 Taylor’s Battles
 Zachary Taylor defeats the Mexicans and gets surrender
terms
 Polk refuses the original terms
 Scott’s Triumph
 Scott ends the war by capturing Mexico City
Major Campaigns of the Mexican War
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 The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
 Americans get land from California to New Mexico
 America pays Mexico $15 million (cost of the war)
 The War’s Legacies
 America’s deadliest war to this point
 Tremendous growth in national pride
 Colors viewpoint of many who would go to war fifteen
years later—believing that the Civil War would be quick,
easy and painless
Chapter Opener
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Webster-Ashburton Treaty
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Buffalo Hunt, Chasing Back (1860s)
America, 8th Edition
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“¡Viva El Cura Hidalgo!”
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Fur Traders Descending the Missouri (1845)
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Sketch of a college of the order of San Francisco in the former mission of Santa Barbara
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Sutter’s Fort in 1847
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Gathering buffalo chips
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Wagon-wheel ruts near Guernsey, Wyoming
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Indian rendering of the Fort Laramie Treaty
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The Pathfinder”
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Sam Houston
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Polk’s Dream (1846)
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The Battle of the Plains of Mesa
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