Transcript Imperialism - BattleofHastings2010

Learning Goal
• Students will be able to explain why the
US favored imperialism
Agenda:
1)Short video on Spanish-American War
2)Cornell Notes PowerPoint
3)Spanish-American War PowerPoint
4)History.com Video on S-A War
5)iPad App Practice Quiz Questions
Imperialism
• A stronger country taking over a weaker
country
•  Forcing its culture on the weaker
country
1. Military/Strategic Interests
Alfred T. Mahan  The
Influence of Sea Power on
History: 1660-1783
Book about the importance
of having a strong navy
Strong navy = world power
2. Social Darwinist Thinking
The White Man’s
Burden
The Hierarchy
of Race
an appeal to the United States to
assume the task of developing
the Philippines, recently won in
the Spanish-American War
“Seward’s Folly”: 1867
$7.2 million
“Seward’s Icebox”: 1867
The Imperialist Tailor
Spanish Misrule in Cuba
Valeriano Weyler’s
“Reconcentration” Policy
“Yellow Journalism”
Joseph William
Pulitzer Randolph
Hearst
Jingoism:
extreme
patriotism by
bullying smaller
countries
Hearst to Frederick Remington:
You furnish the pictures,
and I’ll furnish the war!
De Lôme Letter
Dupuy de Lôme, Spanish
Ambassador to the U.S.
Criticized President
McKinley as weak and a
bidder for the admiration
of the crowd, besides
being a would-be politician
who tries to leave a door
open behind himself while
keeping on good terms
with the jingoes of his
party.
Theodore Roosevelt
Assistant Secretary
of the Navy in the
McKinley
administration.
Imperialist and
American nationalist.
Criticized President
McKinley as having
the backbone of a
chocolate éclair!
Resigns his position to
fight in Cuba.
The
“Rough
Riders”
Remember the Maine
and to Hell with Spain!
Funeral for Maine
victims in Havana
U. S. View of Hawaiians
Hawaii becomes a U. S. Protectorate in 1849
by virtue of economic treaties.
Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani
Hawaii for the
Hawaiians!
To The Victor Belongs the Spoils
Hawaiian
Annexation
Ceremony, 1898
Commodore Matthew Perry
Opens Up Japan: 1853
The Japanese View
of Commodore
Perry
The Spanish-American War (1898):
“That Splendid Little War”
How prepared was the US for war?
Our “Sphere of Influence”
US History
Agenda:
1)Bellwork: Writing Activity
2)Quick Review of yesterday’s notes
3)Teddy Roosevelt Videos
4)PowerPoint Notes: Imperialism
5)Terms for Quiz Tomorrow
6)Homework Questions
The Treaty of Paris: 1898
1) Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.
2) Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island of
Guam.
3) The U. S. paid Spain
$20 mil. for the
Philippines.
Review: Cuba, Guam
& Puerto Rico Annexed;
Philippines Bought!
(ANNEX = to add on to)
Cuban Independence?
Teller Amendment (1898)
Platt Amendment (1903)
Senator
Orville Platt
1. Cuba was not to enter into any agreements with foreign
powers that would endanger its independence.
2. The U.S. could intervene in Cuban affairs if necessary
to maintain an efficient, independent govt.
3. Cuba must lease Guantanamo Bay to the U.S. for naval
and coaling station.
4. Cuba must not build up an excessive public debt.
Gentleman’s Agreement: 1908
A Japanese note agreeing
to deny passports to
laborers entering the U.S.
Japan recognized the U.S.
right to exclude Japanese
immigrants holding passports
issued by other countries.
The U.S. government got the
school board of San Francisco
to rescind their order to
segregate Asians in separate
schools.
1908  Root-Takahira Agreement.
Puerto Rico: 1898
1900 - Foraker Act.
 PR became an “unincorporated territory.”
 Citizens of PR, not of the US.
 Import duties on PR goods
Puerto Rico: 1898
1917 – Jones Act.
 Gave full territorial status to PR.
 Removed tariff duties on PR goods coming
into the US.
 PRs elected their
own legislators &
governor to enforce
local laws.
 PRs could NOT vote
in US presidential
elections.
 A resident commissioner was sent to
Washington to vote for PR in the House.
Panama: The King’s Crown
1903  Hay-BunauVarilla Treaty
Helped create the country
of Panama AND allowed for
the building of the Panama
Canal
canal across the Panama
isthmus that was begun in
1904 and completed in
1914; its opening enabled
America to expand its
economic and military
influence.
Panama Canal
TR in Panama
(Construction begins in
1904)
The Roosevelt Corollary to the
Monroe Doctrine: 1905
Chronic wrongdoing… may
in America, as elsewhere,
ultimately require
intervention by some
civilized nation, and in the
Western Hemisphere the
adherence of the United
States to the Monroe
Doctrine may force the
United States, however
reluctantly, in flagrant
cases of such wrongdoing
or impotence, to the
exercise of an
international police power .
Speak Softly,
But Carry a Big Stick!
Teddy Roosevelt’s
Foreign Policy:
Big Stick = US Navy
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Quiz 1 Study Guide
Imperialism (Definition & Goals)
Seward’s Folly/Alaska
Alfred T. Mahan’s Book
Spanish-American War
USS Maine (Remember the Maine…)
Yellow Journalism (Pulitzer, Hearst)
Treaty of Paris (1898)
Cuba / Platt Amendment
Big Stick Diplomacy
Panama Canal
Teddy Roosevelt
Gentleman’s Agreement (1908)
Homework
1) How was America a racist country around the
year 1900?
2) Was the Spanish-American War justified (did
we have a good reason to fight Spain)?
3) List 5 countries we bought, took over, or got
involved with around 1900.
4) Who were Joseph Pulitzer and William
Hearst AND why were they important?
Stereotypes of the Chinese
Immigrant
Oriental [Chinese]
Exclusion Act,
1887
The Boxer Rebellion: 1900
The Peaceful Harmonious Fists.
“55 Days at Peking.”
The Open Door Policy
Secretary John Hay.
Give all nations equal
access to trade in China.
Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken
over by any one foreign power.
The
Open Door
Policy
America as a Pacific Power
The Cares of a Growing Family
Constable of the World
Treaty of Portsmouth: 1905
 Officially ended the RussoJapanese War of 1904–05.
 Negotiations took place in
August in Portsmouth, New
Hampshire, and were led by
U.S. President Theodore
Roosevelt.
 The final agreement was
signed in September of 1905,
TR won the Nobel Peace Prize
The Great White Fleet: 1907
Taft’s “Dollar
Diplomacy”
Improve financial
opportunities for
American businesses.
Use private capital to
further U. S. interests
overseas.
Therefore, the U.S.
should create stability
and order abroad that
would best promote
America’s commercial
interests.
The Mexican Revolution: 1910s
Victoriano Huerta seizes control of Mexico
and puts Madero in prison where he was
murdered.
Venustiano Carranza, Pancho Villa, Emiliano
Zapata, and Alvaro Obregon fought
against Huerta.
The U.S. also got involved by occupying
Veracruz and Huerta fled the country.
Eventually Carranza would gain power in
Mexico.
The Mexican Revolution: 1910s
Emiliano Zapata
Venustiano Carranza
Pancho Villa
Porfirio
Diaz
Francisco I
Madero
Wilson’s “Moral Diplomacy”
The U. S. should
be the conscience
of the world.
Spread democracy.
Promote peace.
Condemn colonialism.
Searching for Banditos
General John J. Pershing with Pancho
Villa in 1914.
U. S. Global Investments &
Investments in Latin America, 1914
U. S. Interventions in
Latin America: 1898-1920s
Uncle Sam: One of the “Boys?”
Goals of US Imperialism
1)
2)
3)
4)
Natural Resources
Expand our territories
Strong Naval presence in the world
Continuation of Manifest Destiny (belief God
wanted America to expand westward)
5) Spread our culture (Social Darwinism)
6) Christianize various groups
The Spanish-American War (1898):
“Philippines”
 Battle of Manila;
American commander
Dewey led US to navy
victory over Spanish in
Manila
 US troops eventually
teamed up with Filipino
guerillas to fight against
the Spanish
 Guerillas led by Emilio
Aguinaldo
 US troops “won” on Aug.
13, 1898 and secured a
new market
Emilio Aguinaldo
Leader of the Filipino
Uprising.
July 4, 1946:
Philippine independence
Tying up Loose Ends
• Teller Amendment- US promised not to permanently take over
Cuba
• Platt Amendment- gave Cuba their “sort-of” independence
• Cuba became a protectorate, meaning the US would protect
them in exchange for certain conditions
• Rough Riders- most famous of all the units fighting in Cuba,
name given to the First U.S. Volunteer Cavalry under the
leadership of Theodore Roosevelt. Roosevelt resigned his
position as Assistant Secretary of the Navy in May 1898 to join
the volunteer group.
Panama Canal
• Hay-Pauncefote Treaty of 1901 allowed US to build and
manage its own canal
• The Hay–Bunau–Varilla Treaty of 1903 created the Panama
Canal Zone and allowed the US government to begin
building its 51–mile waterway through the Isthmus of
Panama in May 1904.
• The deadly endemic diseases of yellow fever and malaria
were dangerous obstacles in building the canal (caused at
least 20,000 to die)
• a one-time $10 million payment to Panama, and an annual
annuity of $250,000. The United States also agreed to
guarantee the independence of Panama. Completed in 1914,
the Panama Canal symbolized U.S. technological prowess
and economic power
Videos
• Modern Marvels: Panama Canal
• Deconstructing History: Panama Canal
• Resistance to american imperialism
• hippo-campus