Transcript The Search for Peace

The Search for Peace
Paris Peace Treaty
The War to End All Wars
• Nations wanted to ensure ww1 was the
war to end all wars.
• Create a world of lasting peace.
• Aimed to make a treaty that would satisfy
the sentiments of revenge.
• Be fair to Germany to ensure a lasting
peace.
Doomed from the Start
• Not fair to all nations
• Russia was forbidden to attend because
they turned to Communism and made
peace earlier in the war.
• None of the defeated countries were
allowed (Germany, Austro-Hungary) to
attend.
• Britain, France, U.S. had all decision
making power.
“War to End All Wars”
Losses of the War
• 10 million Lives
• 180 billion direct cost
• 150 Billion indirect
cost.
• Russia 3.3 million
• France 1.7 million
• Britain 950,000
(66000 Can)
• U.S. 118,000
• Germany 2.5 million
• Austria-Hungary 1.5 mil
• Ottoman Empire 2.9 mil
Percentage of Loss by Country
Objectives of the Countries
United States
• Wilson wanted this to be the “War that
ended all Wars”
• Created the 14 points speech which
offered a vision for a new world order
focused on Economic and moral power.
Objectives of the Countries
United States
• Wilson blamed the war on
• secret diplomacy (Alliances)
• dominant oppression of ethnic minorities
(Balkans)
• Autocratic Governments ruled by elites
(German Imperialism).
Objectives of the Countries
United States
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14 pts included
End to secret alliances
Reduction of arms
Freedom of trade and the seas
People of the same nationalities should be
allowed to form their own independent
state (Poland, Yugoslavia,
Czechoslovakia)
Objectives of the Countries
United States
• France should have its land back and
restored, including the region of Alsace
Lorraine.
• An international body shall be created to
monitor the world and settle disputes
peacefully. ( League of Nations)
French Objectives
• 2 basic goals National security and
financial reparations.
• Return of Alsace Lorraine
• Gain of Rhineland
• Rights to coal in the Saar Valley
• Payment for all damages in France, no
matter how long it takes.
British Objectives
• Sea lane security and reduction of
German Navy to 6 ships.
• Give up colonies to Allies
• Less reparations for fear Germans would
revolt and join communist Russia.
• Limit to territorial demands on Rhineland
• Did not want France to become to
powerful.
The Result
Territorial Changes
• Alsace Lorraine returned to France
• Belgium Poland and Czechoslovakia were
given parts of Germany.
• all overseas colonies given to Allies
(Britain, France, Japan)
• Free port city of Danzig
Military Gains
• German army reduced to 100,000 troops
• Forbidden to have air force
• Reduce navy to 6 ships, subs to be
handed over to Britain.
• Admission of war guilt
Reparations
• Germany to pay damages to France and
Belgium in money or resources for 30
years.
• France gets Saar coal mines for 15 years
• Allied troops establish DMZ in the
Rhineland for 15 years.
• League of Nations formed.