Transcript Unit 03 1 Washington_and_Adams

Washington Heads the New
Government
Mr. Pagliaro
Seymour High School
Key objectives
1. Explain how the United States
confronted the difficult task of forming
a new government.
2. Show how the political ideas of
Hamilton and Jefferson differed.
3. Describe how political differences
evolved into a two-party system.
1788 Election
• Washington
defeated 11
opponents
• Swept electoral
college
Washington Shaped Executive Branch
• VP-John Adams
• GW chose America’s
Best/Brightest for cabinet
• Sec. of State-Thomas Jefferson
• Sec. of Treasury-Alexander
Hamilton
• Sec. of War-Henry Knox
• Attorney General-Edmund
Randolph
What were their backgrounds?
Jefferson:
Washington’s Secretary of State
Plantation owner and slaveholder from
Virginia
Favored farming and rural life
Believed America “lived and died” with its
farmers (the agrarian class).
What were their backgrounds?
Hamilton:
Washington’s Secretary of the Treasury
An orphan from the West Indies
Self-made man
One of New York’s richest and most respected
citizens
Believed businesses and strong central
government would aid the new USA
The power of the federal
government...
• Jefferson
• Hamilton
• Power belonged to
the states and the
people
• Power belonged with
a strong central
government
• REPUBLICANISM
• FEDERALISM
Whose interests should the federal
government represent?
• Jefferson
• “The Common Man”
• Farmers
• Hamilton
• The elite and the
educated business
man
The National Debt
• Jefferson
• Should only included
money owed by the
Continental
Congress, and not
state debts
• Hamilton
• Should include state
debts, and all states
should pay it off
equally
The U.S. economy...
• Jefferson
• Based on agriculture
• Hamilton
• Based on trade and
business
The U.S. Constitution...
• Jefferson
• “Strict” interpretation
• Hamilton
• “Loose”
interpretation
“A national debt, if it is not excessive, will be
to us a national blessing.”
Hamilton on “assuming the national debt”
“When a man assumes a public trust, he
should consider himself as public property.”
“I was duped ... by the Secretary of the
treasury [Alexander Hamilton], and made a
fool for forwarding his schemes, not then
sufficiently understood by me; and of all the
errors of my political life, this has
occasioned the deepest regret.”
Jefferson on “assuming the national debt”
The Bank of the United States (BUS)
• Paid for by the government and
private investors.
• Tax receipts
• Paper $$$
• Hamilton wanted to get the wealthy
involved in American politics
• Split the politics of the United States
The beginning of America’s 2 party
system of government:
Followers of
Jefferson
Followers of
Hamilton and
Washington
Domestic Policy
• Judiciary Act of 1789
• Attorney General
• Federal court system
• District courts-general trials
• Appelate court-geographically based
• Supreme Court Appointments
• John Jay-Chief Justice
• James Wilson
• William Cushing
• John Blair
• John Rutledge
Domestic Policy
• Northwest Indian War
(1790-1795)
• Continued issues since Rev.
• Ohio & Indiana areas of NW
Territory
• Western Lakes Confederacy
• the Shawnee, Miami, Ottawa,
Chippewa, Iroquois, Sauk,
and Fox
• Little Turtle, Tecumseh,
Blue Jacket
• High casualties among
Americans
• Gen. “Mad Anthony” Wayne
• Quick rout
• Treaty of Greenville & Jay’s
Treaty
Economic Policy
• Whiskey Rebellion 179194
• Excise tax on liquor-W. PA
farmer’s revolted
• Militia Law, 1792
• Aug. 7, 1794-Washington
commanded 13,000 troops to
stop rebellion
• Arrested then pardoned tax
offenders
• Hamilton’s Economic
Program
• Assume state debts,
National Bank & currency,
encourage industry
Foreign Policy
• July 14, 1789-French
Revolution erupted
• Help French?-Francophiles
• Citizen Genêt
• Proclamation of Neutrality, 1793
• Neutrality Act, 1794
• Anglophiles???
• GB remained in NW Territory
• Naval Act, 1794-6 warships
• Pinckney’s Treaty, 1795
• Treaty of Tripoli, 1796
Washington’s Farewell Address
Farewell Address
• Dangers of Sectionalism
• Dangers of Political Parties
• Dangers of Entangling Alliances
Cabinet upon leaving office
• State: Timothy Pickering (3rd S. of. S.)
• Treasury: Oliver Wolcott (2nd)
• War: James McHenry (3rd)
• Att. General: Charles Lee (3rd)
The Adams Administration
Election of 1796
• Adams def. Jefferson:
71-68 electoral votes
• Jefferson=VP
• Sectionalist vote
Foreign Policy
• Issues:
• British seizing American ships in Caribean
• French attacking American ships headed
to England
Policy with France
• French upset over Jay’s Treaty
• XYZ Affair-”Millions for defense, not a cent
for tribute”
• Quasi War-1798-99
• Completed 6 frigates approved in 1794
• Treaty of Mortefontaine
Domestic Policy
• Alien & Sedition Acts-1798
• Recent immigants=active Republicans
• Anti-administration???
• The
• The
• The
• The
Naturalization Act
Alien Act
Alien Enemies Act
Sedition Act
Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
• State opposition to
Alien & Sedition Acts
• Violation of 1st
Amendment
• Jefferson (KY) &
Madison (VA)
• Passed by state
legislatures
• Kentucky Resolution
• Principle of
Nullification
Election of 1800-Mudslinging
Against Adams
• Tool of the rich
• Anglophile
• monarchist
Against Jefferson
• Atheist
• Franco-phile
• Revolutionary
• adulterer
Popular Vote(a), (b), (c)
Presidential
Candidate
Party
Home State
Count
Percentage
Election Results
Thomas
Jefferson
Demo
craticVirginia
Repub
lican
Aaron
Burr
Demo
craticNew York
Repub
lican
John
Adams
Feder
alist
Massachuse
tts
Charles
Pinckney
Feder
alist
John Jay
Feder
alist
Electoral
Vote
73
41,330
61.4%
—
—
25,952
38.6%
65
South
Carolina
—
—
64
New York
—
—
1
67,282
100.0%
Total
Needed to win
Jefferson
Burr
73(d)
276
70
no result
1st 35
ballots
8
6
2
36th
ballot
10
4
2
•Federalist HofR broke tie in
1801
•Hamilton supported
Jefferson over Burr