Transcript The Federalist Era

The Federalist Era
SWBAT
• Describe the Internal and External troubles of
the Federalist era (both George Washington’s
and John Adams’s administrations).
• Contrast
– Hamilton’s “Federalist” Party with
– Jefferson’s “Democratic-Republican” Party.
• Explain two suggestions GW gave upon his
leaving office. Do we follow them today?
• Explain the “Alien and Sedition Acts”:
– Why they were created
– Who opposed them
GW takes Charge
• April 30,1789 First
Presidential swearing-in
(_______________)
• To Do List:
– Create ___________: a
system to carry out laws
– Create _________ System
– Raise money (_______) to
run federal gov’t.
– Create ______________
(routines other presidents
will follow)
I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I
will faithfully execute the office of
President of the United States, and
will to the best of my ability,
preserve, protect and defend the
Constitution of the United States.
--Presidential oath of office, Article II, Section 1, United States
Constitution
Bill of Rights
• By September 1789 twelve _______________
to the Constitution were submitted to the
states.
• It took until 1791 for the ten amendments to be
passed becoming the ________________.
• Main purpose of the Bill of Rights was to
protect people (individuals) from the
government.
– How does it do that?
Bill of Rights –
The real short version
1. Freedom of ___________, speech, _______, assembly, and
_________.
2. Right to ____________________ in order to maintain a wellregulated militia.
3. No _____________ of soldiers.
4. Freedom from unreasonable _____________________________.
5. Right to _____________of law, freedom from
__________________, double jeopardy.
6. Rights of _______________, e.g., right to a speedy and public trial.
7. Right of _____________________ in civil cases.
8. Freedom from _______________, ________________punishments.
9. Other rights of the people – Just because it’s not in the constitution
doesn’t mean it’s not a right.
10. Powers _____________________ – states have powers, but
cannot act like an individual country.
Federal versus States Powers
Judicial System
• After the Constitution was ratified and
Government was established…
• ______________ of 1789
–
–
–
–
Established the ________________
Chief Justice and five associate judges
Sixteen lower federal courts
Also _____________, Prosecuting
Attorneys & __________________
The very first Supreme Court Justice John Jay
Executive Branch
• Three most important
Departments, each headed by
a ____________:
– Department of ________ –
Foreign Affairs – Thomas
Jefferson
– Department of ______– Military
matters – Henry Knox
– Depart of the __________–
Financial Problems – Alexander
Hamilton
• Originally thought to be
individual advisors, came to be
a counsel of advisors, including
the Attorney General, called
the ___________.
Hamilton’s Policies
• Founding Father most credited with establishing
our economic / banking and tax systems
• Pay off foreign debt ($80 million!) from the Revolutionary
War
• “Funding” Buy up old Rev. bonds & issue new bonds
(bond = money raised to pay for a large purpose – debt,
buildings, roads, etc.)
– Most Bonds were not with the original purchasers –
bonds can be sold bought and traded
– Had been sold at low value to speculators
– Ham’s plan would benefit the speculators
• Assume all State debts – put them all together
• Establish a _____________ to manage nation’s finances
Whiskey Tax
• Levied specifically against ____________
– Corn was too bulky to transport, so to
make money and lower transportation costs
it was converted to whiskey
– Western PA __________ to pay taxes on the
whiskey – state of war!
• Washington wanted to assert _____________,
so… (establish state of political power!)
– Gathered 15,000 militia, George W. & Hamilton
led the troops themselves in full dress
• Rebellion scattered, Federal power was asserted
– you must ______________________________
Indian Relations
• ________________ claims
were made by colonists
• ___________had not been
represented at Treaty of Paris
1783 (at the ending of the Rev
War)
– _____________ gave land
W of Apps, E of Mississippi
to U.S., Indians lived there
but were not recognized as
a group with interests
Indian Relations
• Battles in 1790, 1792 won by Indians
• In 1794 ___________________ won by
“Mad” Anthony Wayne
Foreign Relations – Great Britain
• Britain maintained _______ on the
borders and supplied ______________
with weapons
• However, trade relations continued and
Britain invited American
_____________ into Great Britain
• Britain and France go to war in 1793
and we sign a treaty with Great Britain to
maintain peaceful relations – ______
_________ : this angers many
Americans including
_________________ who felt we should
side with France
Foreign Relations France
• We owe them ______________
• ____________________ was
happening in France at this time
– Initially it was popular and
supported by the U.S.,
especially by Jefferson
– But, as anarchy & blood
reigned and head rolled,
______________
• French declared war on ______
__________ in 1793, American
opinion was __________ between
France and Great Britain
Foreign Relations / Policy
• George Washington’s
policy was to stay
__________ (not help
either side)
• America had problems
with both England and
France
• We had a “_________”
with France – France’s
naval vessels would
attack our __________
Difficulties of the
1st Administration
• Pass _____________ to guarantee personal rights
• Establish ___________________ to run the Judicial
branch of Government
• Select _____________________, the Cabinet
• Fund the new government through ______ and make
sure people paid these taxes
• Foreign relations: problems with…
– _________ (fought over territory)
– ____________________ (affected trade)
Foreign Affairs
• The French
Revolution caused
what in the US?
• The Fr & Br reactions
to GWs declaration
were:
• Issues w/Indians were
settled by –
Origins of the Two Party System
• Two ________________
developed around the
leadership and opinions
of
– Thomas Jefferson,
___________________
– Alexander Hamilton,
___________________
Origins of the Two Party System
• Divide class in half.
• One half will look at
Hamilton and his policies.
• One half will look at
Jefferson and his policies.
• The two halves of the
class will help each other
learn the about their
person.
?
?
George Washington’s
Farewell Address
• Handout, abridged
address & questions
George Washington’s
Farewell Address
• Do we follow it today?
• Using current events
discussed in class:
Think of an example
in which we either
followed or did not
follow Washington’s
farewell advice.
• Explain in a short
response paragraph
John Adams’
Administration
• Election of 1796 very
close
– Northern Federalist - 70
electors
– Southern Republicans 68 electors
• Outcome: Adams is
President (__________)
• Jefferson is Vice-President
(____________________)
• Do you see a problem here?
Electoral College Worksheet
• The United States Electoral College is the institution that officially
elects the President and Vice President of the United States every
four years.
• The President and Vice President are not elected directly by the
voters. Instead, they are elected by "electors" who are chosen by
popular vote on a state-by-state basis.
• Electors are apportioned to each state and the District of Columbia,
but not to territorial possessions of the United States.
• The number of electors in each state is equal to the number of
members of Congress to which the state is entitled, while the
Twenty-third Amendment grants the District of Columbia the same
number of electors as the least populous state, currently three.
• In total, there are 538 electors, corresponding to the 435 members
of the House of Representatives, 100 senators, and the three
additional electors from the District of Columbia.
Electoral College
• A compromise between northern and southern states over issues of
voting, how to count slaves in representation, and how to manage
“big” versus “small” state imbalance.
• Critics argue that the Electoral College is inherently undemocratic
and gives swing states disproportionate influence in electing the
President and Vice President.
• The Electoral College gives a numeric advantage in the election of
the president to the smaller states, as the minimum number of
electors for the small states is three compared to one for the election
of representatives.
• On the other hand, the winner-take-all method of voting favors the
larger states.
• On four occasions, most recently in 2000, the Electoral College
system has resulted in the election of a candidate who did not
receive the most popular votes in the election.
Presidential Election 2012
Red = Republican Romney
Blue = Democrat Obama
John Adams’ Foreign Affairs
• War? With France?
– France was outraged over ________________________
– France began seizing American ships, “Quasi War”
– _______________ wanted War
– Republicans (Jefferson especially) were generally
considered “_______________”, they liked the French
• Adams sent __________________ to France
– They informed Adams a ____________ was demanded
– Adams kept it secret to NOT enflame war fever
• Reps thinking he wanted war and was keeping the “peace
offer” secret demanded release of the bribery letter.
– Letter released Fr listed as X, Y, Z (__________________)
– “Millions for defense, not one cent for tribute!”
• Much War fever, but no actual outbreak
• Adams followed Washington's precedent of ________________
John Adams’ Domestic Affairs
• Loudest Critics of Adams
/Federalists were ___________
Republicans
• ________ (speaking out
against authority) was viewed
by Federalists as __________
• In Congress they created
___________________ (laws)
• Republican response
– VA & KY Acts
– Which said that ______________
__________________________.
John Adams is
a Jerk!
Alien and Sedition
Acts
•
•
•
The Alien and Sedition Acts were bills passed by
the __________ in Congress and signed into law
by _____________ in 1798. Authored by the
Federalists, the laws were supposed to
___________ national security, but critics argued
that they were primarily an attempt to ___________
________ who disagreed with the Federalist party.
The Acts increased the residency requirement for
_____________________ from 5 to 14 years. They
also allowed the president to ________or
________ aliens considered "dangerous to the
peace and safety of the United States" at any time.
They also __________________ which was
__________ of the federal government.
At the time, the ___________ of ___________
supported Thomas Jefferson and the DemocraticRepublicans, the political opponents of the
Federalists.
Alien and Sedition Acts
• Describe who
favored the
Alien and
Sedition Acts,
and why.
• Describe who
opposed the
Alien and
Sedition Acts,
and why.
Election of 1800: War of Words
• Adams was not being
“Federalist enough” and
lost votes in the North, he
also lost Hamilton’s
support – a leading
Federalist
• It was an ugly and very
___________ campaign
• Final Electoral Tally
 ______________ – 73
 _____________ – 73
 ______________ – 65
*A tie!!! Who is the
president????
Election of 1800:
Results:
• TJ and Burr tie, Burr refuses to __________ (even though he
said he would prior to the election), so it goes to
____________________ to settle. It is decided on the 36th
house vote – __________________ is president
• Rules for ____________ change (12th amendment)
• The result of this election was affected by the __________
________ – had slaves not been counted as persons for
purposes of Congressional _______________, Adams would
have won. Jefferson was subsequently criticized as having
won "the Temple of Liberty on the shoulders of __________".
JA & the Federalist’s Last Word
• The outgoing Adams’
administration and Federalist’s
Congress increased the number of
_____________ and all of those
appointed were _____________.
• The courts consistently interpreted
laws as ____________for next
couple of ___________.
• Most famous case:
• ______________________ which
established _____________ –
allowed the _____________ to
________ (cancel) laws that were
determined unconstitutional
• This is the court’s biggest
_________ on presidential and
congressional power.