Transcript Civilization, Past & Present

Chapter 25: Latin America: Independence and Dependence, 1825-1945
Chapter Outline
I. Challenges to Latin American States after
Independence
II. Twentieth-Century Latin America
III. The Colossus to the North: the United States
and Latin America
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present
Chapter 25: Latin America: Independence and Dependence, 1825-1945
I. Challenges to Latin American States after Independence
Creoles
peninsulares
caudillos
mestizos
A. Economic Developments
raw materials: sugar, coffee, tobacco
B. Mexico
General Antonio López de Santa Anna
1833, elected president
defeat at Alamo
War with U.S., 1846-48
New Mexico, Arizona sold to U.S.
Benito Juárez (1806-72)
Porfirio Díaz (1830-1915)
president 1877-80, 1884-1911
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 25: Latin America: Independence and Dependence, 1825-1945
I. Challenges to Latin American States after
Independence
C. Argentina
estancias
Juan Manuel de Rosas
caudillo
controls politics, 1829-1852
governor of Buenos Aires province
Justo José de Urquiza and unitarios
coup
1853, Constitution adopted
Domingo Sarmiento
president, 1868-1874
General Julio Roca
“Conquest of the Desert”
against Indian tribes
European immigration encouraged
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 25: Latin America: Independence and Dependence, 1825-1945
I. Challenges to Latin American States after
Independence
D. Brazil
Pedro I (1822-1831)
Slavery
fazendas - sugar plantations
Pedro II seeks to end slavery
1871 - slowly abolished
E. Other Latin American Nations
Bolivia
repeated revolutions
Gran Columbia
1830, dissolved:
Columbia
Venezuela
Paraguay
Uraguay
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 25: Latin America: Independence and Dependence, 1825-1945
II. Twentieth-Century Latin America
A. Limited Political and Economic Reform
Women’s suffrage
1920's, 1930's
Monocultures
Sugar: Cuba, Puerto Rico,
Dominican Republic
Wool, beef, wheat: Uruguay,
Argentina
Tin: Bolivia
Rubber, Coffee, Sugar: Brazil
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 25: Latin America: Independence and Dependence, 1825-1945
II. Twentieth-Century Latin America
B. The Mexican Revolution
Francisco Madero (1873-1913)
1910, Plan of San Luis Potosi
> rebellion
Emiliano Zapata (c.1877-1923)
Francisco “Pancho” Villa
Pascal Orozco
1911, Madero into Mexico
elected president
1913, assassinated
> renewed conflict
Zapata v. Venustiano Carranza (18591920)
and Álvero Obregón
1919, Zapata assassinated
1923, Villa assassinated
C. Brazil
overproduction of coffee
> prices fall
Getúlio Vargas
1937, “Estudo Novo ”
D. Argentina
1912, electoral reforms
1930, depression
> military coup
Lazaro Cárdenas
president, 1934-40
44 million acres to peasants
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 25: Latin America: Independence and Dependence, 1825-1945
III. The Colossus to the North: the United States and Latin America
A. Relations
D. Nicaragua
increasing American influence
United Fruit Company
Britain and Venezuela
Augusto Sandino
border dispute, 1895
Anastosio Somoza
B. Spanish-American War
Maine destroyed in Havana’s harbor
U.S. victory
1901, Platt Amendment
restrictions on Cuban independence
C. Panama
1870s: Ferdinand de Lesseps
collapses, 1893
1901: U.S. wins rights to canal
> 1903 Republic of Panama
1914: Canal opens
Roosevelt Corollary of 1904
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins
Chapter 25: Latin America: Independence and Dependence, 1825-1945
From The School Atlas to Accompany Woodbridge’s Rudiments of Geography (1821)
Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins