Transcript Chapter 23.4 Lecture Station - Waverly

Exploring American History
Unit VII- The Beginning of
Modern America
Chapter 23 Section 4
Establishing Peace
Establishing Peace
The Big Idea
The United States and the victorious Allied Powers clashed
over postwar plans.
Main Ideas
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The costs of war included millions of human lives as
well as financial burdens.
President Woodrow Wilson and European leaders met
to work out a peace agreement.
The U.S. Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles.
Main Idea 1:
The costs of war included millions of human lives as well as
financial burdens.
Casualties
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Allied: 5 million
soldiers dead
Central Powers: 3.5
million soldiers dead
Russia and Germany
had the highest
death tolls.
Financial Losses

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$30 billion in
property destroyed
Allies: $145 billion
spent
Central Powers: $63
billion spent
European nations
deeply in debt
The Costs of War
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Analyze- How many soldiers died
from the Central Powers and the
Allies combined in World War I?
Draw Conclusions- Which side lost
more money?
Elaborate- What effect did the
influenza epidemic have on American
Health?
Influenza Epidemic
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In 1918, a worldwide epidemic of influenza, or
flu.

Extremely contagious

Deadly
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Spread by air

No known cure
Spread by American soldiers to civilians and then
to Europe and beyond.

30 million people died from the virus worldwide.

800,000 Americans died
Changed life in the United States
Main Idea 2:
President Woodrow Wilson and European leaders
met to work out a peace agreement.
• President Woodrow Wilson developed plans
for a postwar peace agreement.
– Fourteen Points
– League of Nations, an international
assembly of nations.
• European leaders disagreed with Wilson’s
vision.
– Wanted to punish Germany for its role in
the war
– Wanted to prevent Germany from ever
again becoming a world power
Key Goals of the Fourteen Points
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End secret
alliances
Encourage free
shipping
Remove barriers
to trade
Reduce armies
and navies
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Resolve colonial
claims
Support the right of
people to choose
their own
government
Settle border
disputes
Establish the
League of Nations
Paris Peace Conference
American and European leaders met at the Paris Peace
Conference, held at the palace of Versailles, near Paris
No representatives from Russia or the Central Powers
attended.
Allied leaders demanded that Germany
–
Accept complete blame for the war
–
Make reparations, or payments for war damages
–
Give up large parts of its territory
Wilson reluctantly agreed to this peace agreement, the Treaty
of Versailles.
Conflicting Needs at the Peace
The delegates arrived at the Peace Conference with competing
needs and desires. Conference
Better World
Revenge
Independence
The Peace Agreement
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Identify- What leaders from which
countries attended the Paris Peace
Conference?
Explain- What two things did
European leaders want to do to
Germany?
Evaluate- Do you agree with the
reparations to be paid by Germany/
Why or why not?
The Peace Agreement
Recall- Which organization
would work out problems after
the treaty was signed?
 Evaluate- Why might the
formation of the League of
Nations have been a good idea?

The Treaty of Versailles
• German reparations of $33 billion
• Established the League of Nations
• Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania,
Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia became
independent nations.
• Poland was restored as a nation
• Central Powers turned over their colonies
to the League of Nations.
• Central Powers nations broken up
Main Idea 3:
The U.S. Senate rejected the
Treaty of Versailles.
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U.S. Constitution states that treaties must be
ratified by at least two-thirds of the Senate.
Wilson presented the treaty to the Senate.
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Senator Henry Cabot Lodge wanted the winners to set
the terms of the peace and demanded changes.
Republicans were worried about the League of Nations’
power to use military force.
On November 19, 1919, the Senate voted and
the Treaty of Versailles was defeated.
The United States signed separate peace treaties
with Germany, Austria, and Hungary.
Versailles Treaty Rejected
Recall- What interrupted
Wilson’s treaty support tour?
 Describe- What did Wilson do to
pressure Republican senators to
vote for the treaty?
 Evaluate- Do you think it was
important for the United States
to retain total control of its
military forces?

Imperialism
Events
The Impact of World War I
Political
Economic
Social