Transcript Henry Clay - Dorsey APUSH

Henry Clay
Henry Clay
• First elected to office in 1806
• Died in 1852
1852
- 1806
46
“Murica”
2015 (today)
- 1776 (Independence)
239 (Years as a Nation)
Henry Clay
239 / 46 = 5.195
Henry Clay was directly involved with 1/5 of
our Nation’s history.
Henry Clay
Senator and a Representative from Kentucky; born in the district known as “the Slashes,” Hanover County, Va., April 12, 1777;
attended the public schools; studied law in Richmond, Va.; admitted to the bar in 1797 and commenced practice in Lexington, Ky.;
member, State house of representatives 1803; elected as a Democratic Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused
by the resignation of John Adair and served from November 19, 1806, to March 3, 1807, despite being younger than the constitutional
age limit of thirty years; member, State house of representatives 1808-1809, and served as speaker in 1809; again elected as a
Democratic Republican to the United States Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Buckner Thruston and served from
January 4, 1810, to March 3, 1811; elected as a Democratic Republican to the Twelfth and Thirteenth Congresses and served from
March 4, 1811, to January 19, 1814, when he resigned; Speaker of the House of Representatives (Twelfth and Thirteenth Congresses);
appointed one of the commissioners to negotiate the treaty of peace with Great Britain in 1814; elected as a Democratic Republican to
the Fourteenth Congress (March 4, 1815-March 3, 1817); seat declared vacant by the governor of Kentucky, “caused by the acceptance
of Henry Clay to sign a commercial convention as minister plenipotentiary to Great Britain”; elected in a special election as a
Democratic Republican to the Fourteenth Congress to fill his own vacancy on October 30, 1815; re-elected as a Democratic Republican
to the Fifteenth and succeeding Congress (March 4, 1817-March 3, 1821); Speaker of the House of Representatives (Fourteenth,
Fifteenth and Sixteenth Congresses); elected to the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Congresses and served from March 3, 1823, to March 6,
1825, when he resigned; again served as Speaker of the House of Representatives (Eighteenth Congress); appointed Secretary of State
by President John Quincy Adams 1825-1829; elected as a National Republican to the United States Senate on November 10, 1831, to
fill the vacancy in the term commencing March 4, 1831; reelected as a Whig in 1836 and served from November 10, 1831, until March
31, 1842, when he resigned; chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations (Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth Congresses), Committee on
Finance (Twenty-seventh Congress); unsuccessful presidential candidate of the Democratic Republican Party in 1824, of the National
Republican Party in 1832, and of the Whig Party in 1844; again elected to the United States Senate and served from March 4, 1849,
until his death in Washington, D.C., June 29, 1852; lay in state in the Rotunda of the United States Capitol, July 1, 1852; funeral
services were held in the Senate Chamber; interment in Lexington Cemetery, Lexington, KY
Henry Clay
Senator from Kentucky who ran for
president five times. He was a strong
supporter of the American System, a
war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker
of the House of Representatives, and
known as "The Great Compromiser."
(responsible for the Missouri
Compromise). Outlined the
Compromise of 1850 with five main
points. Died before it was passed.
Served in public office from 1806 until
his death in 1852 (46 years).
The American System
• The American System was a program for economic
development championed by Henry Clay, an influential
member of Congress in the early decades of the 19th
century.
• Clay's idea was that the federal government should
implement protective tariffs and internal improvements
and a national bank should help develop the nation's
economy.
U.S. Economy
• England helped drive our economy.
U.S. Economy
• England helped drive our economy.
• Because it was cheaper for English
factories to buy U.S. goods for their
factories.
U.S. Economy
• England helped drive our economy.
• Because it was cheaper for English
factories to buy U.S. goods for their
factories.
• But that gave England a lot of control over our
economy…
U.S. Economy
Clay and others wanted
Americans to control the
American economy!
• With factories in the North growing and
generating profit, many in the country
turned their eyes westward looking to take
advantage of the raw materials available.
• A growing population would fuel the
workforce needed in the west.
U.S. population figures
1775
1820
U.S. Economy
• The problem was getting the raw materials,
crops or goods out of the wilderness of the
west, to ports where they could be sold on
the world market.
The National Road - 1818
The Steamboat
• People had been using the river system of
the west to transport goods for decades.
• The problem was that the boats only went
one way…
The Erie Canal
• 1825 - Use of the Erie Canal began. This opened
up the Great Lakes region by cutting travel time
between Buffalo & New York by 1/3 and shipping
costs 9/10.
– Cost of the canal was $7,000,000.
The Erie Canal
• Before the Canal was built, it cost between
19¢ per mile, to ship a ton of cargo between
Buffalo and New York City.
– By 1835 that price had dropped to 3¢.
– By the Civil War, the cost was 1¢.
The Erie Canal
• Canal boats were pulled by horses or mules
and traveled at about four miles per hour.
The boats floated in the water in the canal
and the horses and mules walked beside the
canal on a dirt towpath. Ropes were tied to
the boat and to the horses or mules. The
boat only went as fast as the horses and
mules could walk.
• The Erie Canal, National Road, Steamboats
& Railroads all opened up the economy of
the west and more and more people moved
west to take advantage of the opportunities.
• Now, all of this growth was good for the
economy, but it created real problems…
here…
• In 1817, Missouri applied for statehood as a
slave state.
2,000 – 3,000 slaves were already in the
Missouri territory.
• At this time, there were 11 free states & 11
slave states. Missouri would upset that
balance.
– Especally, in the Senate
The North had a larger percentage of the
population. Because of that, Northern states
had 60% of the seats in the House of
Representatives.
Missouri Compromise
• Missouri’s application for statehood
remained blocked until 1820 when Maine
applied for statehood.
Missouri Compromise
• Henry Clay quickly saw
the solution:
A territory could only
apply for statehood if
another territory on
the other side of the
slavery issue was also
ready to apply for
statehood.
Missouri Compromise
• But here was the problem…
Missouri Compromise
• A line was drawn at 36º 30´
(the southern border of Missouri)
Any territory that applied for statehood afterwards that was
north of 36º 30´ would become a free state, if it was south of
the line it would become a slave state.
Missouri was already in as a slave state!
Missouri
• Because that little
notch on the bottom of
the state was below
36º 30´.
Missouri Compromise
1.) Missouri was admitted as a slave state
2.) Maine (formally part of Massachusetts)
was admitted as a free state
3.) Except for Missouri, slavery would be
banned north of 36º 30´
Missouri Compromise
• Southerners didn’t like the Missouri
Compromise because it created a situation
where Congress could make laws regarding
slavery.
Missouri Compromise
• Northerners didn’t like the Missouri
Compromise because Congress gave in and
allowed slavery to expand into the west.
• The system wasn’t perfect, but for 40 years,
the Missouri Compromise would help hold
the Union together.