Transcript Chapter 26: The Cold War

What is the Cold War?

Think, Pair, Share Activity

Independently THINK about what you know about
the Cold War. Maybe key people, events, dates
etc.

Pair up with the person next to you. Discuss what
you know

Share with the classroom.
Crash Course

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9C72I
SMF_D0
United States v. Soviet Union

Allies against Germany in WWII
 The enemy of my enemy is my friend
America: Capitalist
 Soviet Union: Communist
 The two countries did not agree on most
things

VS.
Leaders

Truman: American President
 Conference in Potsdam, Germany as the newest
member of the Big Three
 Angry when Stalin would not keep promise and allow
democracy in the Soviet controlled parts of eastern
Europe

Stalin: Communist leader of Soviet Union
 Wanted Communism to control all countries in his
power; thought capitalism was wrong
Stalin
Truman
United Nations

Representatives from many countries who
became a peace keeping body. Goal to maintain
global peace

The U.S. and U.S.S.R. use UN to promote their
ideas to other countries and it made the Cold War
worse
UN, 1945
Potsdam Conference

July 1945

Meeting between major countries involved in
WWII

Stalin refused to allow democracy in countries he
controlled

Truman knew that there would be trouble between
the U.S. and U.S.S.R.

This was the start of the Cold War
Stalin
Truman
Churchill
Tension Mounts

Satellite nations: Pro-communist governments controlled by
the U.S.S.R
 Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania,
and Poland

Communism and Capitalism could not work together and
another war was inevitable

Truman suggested Containment: stopping the spread of
communism to other countries

“Iron Curtain”: the division between communist eastern
Europe and capitalist western Europe
US Aims vs. Soviet Aims in Europe




Create a new world order: all
countries to have selfdetermination

Encourage communism in
other countries

Rebuild eastern European
countries hurt during the war

Control eastern Europe to
balance US power in western
Europe

Keep Germany divided so it
would not get too powerful
again
Gain access to raw materials
and markets
Rebuild stable gov’ts in
Europe and new markets for
American goods
Reunite Germany so it would
be more productive
Containment

The name of the US foreign policy during the start o
the Cold War

We did not want to let communism spread, we
wanted to contain it
Truman Doctrine

The US would give money to Greece and Turkey
so they could fight off any attempt at a Communist
take-over
Marshall Plan

Sec. Of State Marshall’s plan to give aid to any
country whose people were suffering from poverty
after the war

1946-1947: a terrible winter made things even
worse for people who were struggling to rebuild
after WWII

This made the US look like heroes and
communism did not spread in Western Europe
US and USSR fight over Germany
Fight over Germany

After WWII, Germany split into zones

Attempt to take over American controlled Berlin, Stalin
closed off all access to the city

Berlin Airlift: 327 days of British and American
planes flying over Berlin and dropping supplies to the
people stuck in the city (food, fuel, medicine,
Christmas presents, etc.)

By May 1949, Soviet Union admitted defeat and lifted
the blockade
NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Belgium, Denmark, France, Great Britain, Iceland,
Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway,
Portugal, United States, and Canada

A military alliance: All these countries agreed that
they would defend each other if one was attacked

Greece, Turkey, and West Germany joined in the
1950s
NATO

It had a standing army of 500,000 troops
so other countries did not want to attack
members of NATO
Section 2
China Becomes a
Communist Country

Chiang Kai-shek: nationalist leader supported by
America ($3 billion)

Mao Zedong: Communist leader who led his side to
victory and established a Communist
government after the war

The nationalists led by Kai-shek fled to Taiwan;

America and the UN refused to accept the Peoples
Republic of China (the communist government)
The Korean War

Japan controlled Korea 1910-1945

1945: Japan surrendered North of 38th Parallel to Soviets and
South of the 38th to Americans

1950: N. Korea led a sneak attack on S. Korea

S. Korea asked UN for help; the Soviets boycotted the UN
because Taiwan was recognized, not the P.R.C.

Truman sent troops from occupied Japan to Korea
The Korean War

16 nations sent 520,000 troops to help S. Korea (90%
were American)

590,000 S. Korean troops

Troops led by Gen. Douglas MacArthur

The Chinese support the N. Koreans

Both sides fought to hold the 38th Parallel
 1951-1953: Peace talks last 2 years, war ends in stalemate

Account:
http://books.google.com/books?id=NRt5lgErVJEC&lpg=PA203&ots=fYYO2M8zx4&dq=we%20were%20eyeball%20to%20eyeball...we%20couldn't%20m
ove%20at%20all%20in%20the%20daytime%20without%20getting%20shot%20at&pg=PA203#v=onepage&q&f=true
MacArthur vs. Truman

MacArthur wanted to wage full
scale war against China

Truman refused to go along with this idea

MacArthur tried to go around Truman by talking to the
media and other politicians

Truman fired MacArthur

MacArthur was a WWII hero and many people backed
him – he came home to a hero’s welcome
26-3
Fear of Communist
Influence

Loyalty Review Board: a group that investigated
gov’t workers and their possible disloyal behavior

1947-1951: 3.2 Million employees reviewed.
Dismissed 212 as being security risks. 2,900
people resigned
Fear of Communist Influence

House Un-American Activities Committee
(HUAC) – investigated communist activity in the
movie industry
 Hollywood Ten: movie industry workers who refused to
testify because of their civil liberties
 Blacklist: list of movie industry workers who were
suspected communists who couldn’t get work
Spy
Cases

The secret of how to make an Atomic Bomb had been
leaked to the Soviets by spies

Alger Hiss: was accused of spying by a convicted spy, no
hard evidence, was convicted of perjury and sent to jail
 Richard Nixon gained fame from prosecuting this case

Ethel and Julius Rosenberg: were implicated by a
scientist of espionage (spying) and were sentenced to
death even though they plead the 5th Amendment during
their trial
Joseph McCarthy

Senator from Wisconsin

Became famous for accusing
suspected communists in the
State Dept and eventually
the U.S. Army
 Because he accused WWII
hero’s, people had enough of
his tactics and was disgraced
McCarthyism in 10 minutes

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ix5OS
cqjpRo
26-4
Brinkmanship

Our policy of being on the edge of all out war with the
Soviets during the beginning of the Cold War

H-Bomb: hydrogen bomb; 67 times stronger than the
A-Bomb dropped on Hiroshima

Dwight D. Eisenhower: President from 1953-1959

John Foster Dulles: Sec. of State under Eisenhower
Cold War
Throughout the World

CIA: Central Intelligence Agency; investigated issues for
the American government that occurred in other countries

Use of Spies to gather information

Installed governments
Warsaw Pact

Thawing of relations w/ Soviets after Stalin's
Death- 1953

1955 West Germany joins NATO

Soviet Union Responds with Warsaw Pact

Military Alliance with 7 Eastern European
countries- Buffer States
Suez War
 1955;
Egypt tried to play the Soviet Union and
USA against each other for control over the
Suez Canal
 US
discovers they were working w/ Soviets
 Withdraw
loan offer
 Nationalize
Suez Canal
Suez War

Egyptian Leader Gamal Abdel-Nasser wont allow
ships to travel to Israel

British, French, and Israeli troops unite

UN resolved conflict, allowing all ships to pass
through, however; Egypt continues to control
canal
Eisenhower Doctrine
 The
US will defend the Middle East
against any attempt at Communist
take-over
Cold War / Space Race

Nikita Khrushchev: took over the Soviet Union after
Stalin’s death in 1953

Sputnik: The Soviet launched satellite that orbited
the earth
 This prompted America to invest heavily in our space
program and science \ math in public schools

U-2 Incident: When Francis Gary Powers was shot
down over the Soviet Union in his U2 spy plane